密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Agricultural Characters,Root System Characters and Yield of Different Maize Plant Types

作　　者：李宁[1] 翟志席[1] 李建民[1] 吴沛波 段留生[1] 李召虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]金海种业有限公司,山东莱州261418

出　　处：《玉米科学》2008年第5期98-102,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划--粮食主产区农田生态健康管理关键技术研究与示范(2006BAD02A15)

摘　　要：密度是影响产量的关键因素。以半紧凑型品种金海5号和紧凑型品种郑单958为材料,研究了种植密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响。结果表明:随群体密度的增加植株高度增高、茎粗、穗粗变细,果穗变短,秃尖长度、穗位节数和穗位高度呈现增加的趋势;气生根与总根数减少,耕层根系干重比例增加。群体干物质积累量随密度增加而增加,单株干物质积累量呈相反的趋势;穗行数、穗粒数、百粒重、双穗率、单株产量均随密度的增加而减低,群体产量先增后降。金海5号产量与密度的关系为Y=-625.67x2+9 044.5x-18 530,适宜种植密度为7.0万～7.5万株/hm2;郑单958产量与密度的关系为Y=-375.67x2+6 410x-13 043,适宜种植密度为8.5万～9.0万株/hm2。分析表明,气生根数量和总根数量可作为衡量单株干物质积累量大小和产量高低的指标。Density is the key factor of maize high-yield cultivation. Effects of planting density on agricultural characters, root system characters and yield were studied using different maize plant type semi-compact maize Jinhai 5,compact maize Zhengdan 958. The result showed that with the increasing of density, plant height was increased, stem diameter and ear diameter was decreased, ear was shorten, rare top length, No. of ear nod, ear height was in- creased, brace root number and total root number was decreased, the rate of root dry weight was increased within farming layers, population dry matter accumulation was increased and plant dry matter accumulation presented the opposite trend, ear linage, kernels per ear, 100-kernels weight, double-ear rate, plant yield was decreased, yield was increased and decreased successively. The relation between yield and density of Jinhai 5 was Y=-625.67x^2＋9 044.5x- 18 530, optimal plant density was 7.0 × 10^4 - 7.5 × 10^4 plants/ha, the relation between yield and density of Zhengdan 958 was Y=-375.67x^2＋6 410x-13 043, optimal plant density was 8.5 × 10^4 - 9.0 × 10^4 plants/ha. Analysis revealed the number of brace roots and total roots could be used as an indicator for plant dry weight and yield.

关 键 词：密度 玉米株型 农艺性状 根系性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]