应用车载测试系统研究轻型机动车在实际道路上的排放特征  

Investigation of Emission Characteristics for Light Duty Vehicles with a Portable Emission Measurement System

作　　者：王海鲲[1] 傅立新[1] 周昱[1] 林鑫[1] 陈爱忠[2] 葛卫华[1] 杜譞[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]深圳市环保局环境信息中心,深圳518026

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第10期2970-2974,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50678092)

摘　　要：采用一套车载排放测试系统,对深圳市7辆具有代表性的轻型车辆进了实际道路排放测试。根据测试结果,分析了机动车运行工况对排放的影响,比较了基于油耗和行驶里程的排放因子,并计算了各测试车辆的平均排放因子。结果表明,深圳市轻型机动车加速和减速运行模式共占整个运行时间的66.7%和行驶里程的80.3%,对各种污染物的贡献率达74.6%-79.2%,并且加速模式下的排放水平明显高于其他运行模式；基于油耗的排放因子受车速的影响较小,可以避免因机动车运行工况不同所带来的排放差异,从宏观尺度更为合理地预测机动车污染物排放量；车辆技术水平对排放影响很大,化油器车的CO、HC和NOx排放因子分别是欧Ⅲ车的19.9-20.5、5.6-26.1和1.8-2.0倍；我国在进行轻型车排放测试时使用ECE＋EUDC工况,不能反映我国城市实际道路行驶工况下的机动车排放水平。Emission from 7 typical light-duty vehicles under actual driving conditions was monitored using a portable emission measurement system to gather data for characterization of the real world vehicle emission in Shenzhen, including the effects of driving modes on vehicle emission, comparison of fuel consumption based emission factors （g·L^-1） with mileage based emission factors （g·km^-1）, and the average emission factors of the monitored vehicles. The acceleration and deceleration modes accounted for 66.7% of total travel time, 80.3 % of traveling distance and 74.6%-79.2% of vehicle emission; the acceleration mode contributed more than other driving modes. The fuel based emission factors were less dependent on the driving speed; they may be utilized in building macro-scale vehicle emission inventory with smaller sensitivity to the vehicle driving conditions. The effect of vehicle technology on vehicle emission was significant; the emission factors of CO, HC and NO, of carbureted vehicles were 19.9-20.5, 5.6-26.1 and 1.8-2.0 times the more advanced vehicles of Euro m , respectively. Using the ECE ＋ EUDC driving cycle would not produce the desired real-world emission rates of light duty vehicles in a typical Chinese city.

关 键 词：车载测试系统 机动车排放 实际道路 运行模式 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]