长江口及邻近海域枝角类和涟虫类生态学  

Ecological Characteristics of Pelagic Cladocera and Cumacea in the Changjiang Estuary,China

作　　者：陈佳杰[1] 徐兆礼[1] 陈雪忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2008年第5期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：上海市科委(No.062358101);上海市908专项(PJ1-1);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(No.90511005);国家重点基础研究发展规划(No.2001CB409707)项目

摘　　要：根据2002～2003年长江口29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～123°30′E海域4个季节的海洋调查,运用定量、定性方法,探讨长江口邻近海域枝角类和涟虫类总丰度的季节变化特征,以及丰度的季节差异与水团的关系,分析了种类的数量变动,并与东海外海的生态特征进行比较。结果表明,长江口及邻近海域涟虫类丰度的季节变化主要受温度的影响,而平面分布变化与盐度有关。平均丰度夏季最高（0.59ind./m3）,春季最低（0.05ind./m3）。本次调查共发现涟虫类4种,分别为三叶针尾涟虫（Diastylis tricincta）、卵圆涟虫（Bodotria ovalis）、亚洲异针尾涟虫（Dimorphostylis asiatica）和细长涟虫（Iphinoe tenera）。其中,三叶针尾涟虫四季均出现,四季优势度分别为0.04、0.03、0.04和0.06;卵圆涟虫出现在夏、秋和冬季,优势度分别为0.11、0.00和0.07;亚洲异针尾涟虫和细长涟虫仅秋季出现,优势度分别为0.17和0.002。仅在夏季发现两种枝角类,分别为肥胖三角牻（Evadne tergestina）和鸟喙尖头楩（Penilia avirostris）。在长江口,枝角类和涟虫类的分布特征与长江冲淡水都有一定的关系,显示出这两大类浮游动物具有咸淡水分布的特征。This paper discusses the distribution and abundance of the Cladocera and Cumacea collected in Changjiang Estuary amt adjacent waters （29°00′ -32°00′ N and 122°00′- 123°30′ E） from May 2002 to March 2003.The abundance of Cumacea peaked in summer at 0.59 ind./m^3 and the lowest abundance was in spring at 0.05 ind./ m^3 . The seasonal abundance of Cumacea was influenced by sea surface temperature while the horizontal abundance was influenced by the surface salinity. Totally, four species, i. e., Diastylis tricincta, Bodotria ovalis, Dimorphostylis asiatica, lphinoe tenera were recorded, among which D. tricincta was presented in the four seasons with the dominance 0.04,0.03,0.04 and 0.06, respectively; B. ovalis was observed in summer, autumn and winter with the dominance 0.11,0.00 and 1.07, both D. asiatica and I. tenera were observed in autumn with the dominance 0.17 and 0.002 separately. Two Cladocera species, Evadne tergestina and Penilia avirostris, was only recorded in summer with abundance of 32.13 ind./m^3 and 43.82 ind./m^3 .The species of pelagic Cladocera and Cumacea adapted to the brackish water environment so that their distribution was closely related to the Changjiang Dilute Waters.

关 键 词：浮游动物 枝角类 涟虫类 生态特征 长江口 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]