应用PLFA方法分析长期不同施肥处理对玉米地土壤微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of long-term fertilization on soil microbial community structure in corn field with the method of PLFA

作　　者：于树[1] 汪景宽[1] 李双异[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第9期4221-4227,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2005CB121108)~~

摘　　要：土壤微生物群落被认为是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,指示土壤质量变化,决定着土壤的生态功能。为了探讨长期施肥处理（1987～2004年）对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）法测定了沈阳农业大学棕壤长期定位试验站玉米地不同施肥土壤微生物生物量的活性部分及群落结构的变化情况。结论：长期施肥处理都能提高土壤微生物总生物量、细菌生物量及真菌生物量,特别是有机肥和有机无机肥配施在整个生育期对微生物总生物量的增加作用比较明显。真菌的生长与季节变化和玉米生育的关系较为密切,各施肥处理土壤真菌含量在抽雄期都明显降低。长期不同施肥处理可以改变土壤微生物群落结构,单施氮肥处理土壤微生物群落结构与长期不施肥处理较为相似,没有明显的优势种群。施用有机肥和有机无机配施的土壤微生物群落均以含a15：0,i15：0,cy17：0,i16：0,16：1w7 t,10M e18：0和15：0的微生物为优势种群。土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾是微生物生长和活性的主要能源和营养因子。Soil microbial community which indicates soil quality changes and controls the soil ecosystem functions has been regarded as the early warning and the sensitive indicator of soil ecosystem. In order to study the effects of long-term fertilization （1987 -2004） on soil microbial community structures, active microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） in the long-term located experiment with different fertilization treatments on brown earth in Shengyang Agricultural University. The results showed that total soil microbial biomass, bacterial biomass and fungal biomass were enhanced significantly with long-term fertilization treatments, especially in manure or manure with chemical fertilizers＇ teatments. Fungal biomass in all fertilization treatments decreased during corn heading stage. Soil microbial community structure had been changed due to long-term fertilization, but no predominant group in single nitrogen applied treatment. The microorganisms containing the PLFA of a15：0, i15：0, cyl7：0, i16：0, 16 ： 1w7t, 10Me18：0 and 15：0 were dominance in microbial community in the treatments applied with manure. In addition, soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable-N, available potassium and available phosphorus were main factors of energy and nutrition for growth and activities of microorganism.

关 键 词：长期不同施肥处理 土壤微生物群落结构 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]