外源钙对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效果和生理效应  

Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Vase Life and Some Physiological Characteristics of Cut Gladiolus

作　　者：白吉刚[1,2] 许培磊[1] 宗成顺[3] 王彩云[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [3]山东烟台莱州市农业局,山东烟台261400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第10期3229-3239,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30671716);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2007ABA005)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨乙酸钙对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效果和生理效应,为乙酸钙在唐菖蒲切花保鲜上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以唐菖蒲红色品种‘马加烈’切花为材料,瓶插在含有乙酸钙或钙离子专一性螯合剂乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸(EGTA)的溶液中,分析乙酸钙对切花观赏品质的影响以及第1和第3朵小花内钙调素(CaM)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素(ZRs)、Ca2+、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量的变化。【结果】乙酸钙处理后唐菖蒲切花的小花开放率显著高于对照,2mmol·L-1乙酸钙处理的切花日观赏值、瓶插寿命以及平均观赏值均高于其它钙浓度处理和对照,所以2mmol·L-1的乙酸钙对唐菖蒲切花有较佳的保鲜效果。和对照相比,乙酸钙(2mmol·L-1)使唐菖蒲花瓣和苞叶的CaM和内源激素GA含量以及GA/ABA、ZRs/ABA升高,使内源激素ABA含量降低,并且减弱EGTA(20mmol·L-1)对这些指标的影响。乙酸钙(2mmol·L-1)还提高唐菖蒲花瓣和苞叶的Ca2+含量,降低这两部位的MDA含量,使可溶性糖含量在花瓣中高于对照,在苞叶中低于对照。【结论】用乙酸钙溶液瓶插切花时,不仅可以降低切花的MDA含量,稳定膜结构,而且可能激活CaM,调节花瓣和苞叶中的内源激素水平,调运切花中苞叶等处的可溶性糖到花瓣中,促使小花开放,并延长切花寿命。[Objective] In order to apply calcium to the fresh-keeping cut gladiolus, the vase life and some physiological characteristics were studied in this paper. [Method] Cut flowers of Gladiolus hybridus cv. Mascagni were held into a solution containing calcium, ethylene glycol bis-amino tetmacetate （EGTA） and water （control）, respectively. The effects of calcium were studied by measuring the ornamental quality of cut flowers and the physiological characteristics such as calmodulin （CAM）, abscisic acid （ABA）, gibberellins （GA）, zeatin （ZRs）, endogenous calcium, malondialdehyde （MDA） and soluble sugar in florets. [Result] In solution of 2 mmol·L^-1 calcium acetate, the opening rate of cut gladiolus was higher than that in control, and the vase life and ornamental value of flowers were better than those in control and other treatments of calcium acetate, therefore, 2 mmol·L^-1 calcium acetate had the best effect on the fresh-keeping cut gladiolus. In petals and bracts of cut gladiolus, the contents of CAM and GA and the ratios of GA/ABA and ZRs/ABA were higher in treatment of 2 mmol·L^-1 calcium acetate than those in control, while the contents of ABA and MDA were lower. Compared with control, 2 mmol·L^-1 calcium acetate increased the Ca^2＋ contents, decreased the MDA contents, and alleviated the effects of EGTA on CAM, GA, GA/ABA and ZRs/ABA, and it also resulted in the higher soluble sugar content in petals, but lower in bracts. [ Conclusion ] Solution of 2 mmol·L^-1 calcium acetate not only stabilized the membrane structure of cut gladiolus, but also activated CaM, and controled the endogenous hormone levels, and thereby transported soluble sugar into petals and increased the vase life of the flower.

关 键 词：唐菖蒲切花 钙 保鲜 钙调素 激素 

分 类 号：S682.24[农业科学—观赏园艺] TS255.3[农业科学—园艺学]