滨岸缓冲带对面源污染物的净化效果研究  

Study of clarification for riparian-buffer to non-point pollution

作　　者：黄沈发[1] 吴建强[1] 唐浩[1] 吴健[1] 王敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《水科学进展》2008年第5期722-728,共7页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(04DZ12032)

摘　　要：选择百慕大、白花三叶草、高羊茅三种土著植被和2%、3%、4%、5%4个不同坡度构建了缓冲带现场试验基地,开展面源污染防治试验。结果表明,滨岸缓冲带能有效截留径流水中的悬浮物质和降解渗流水中的氮、磷营养物质;植被和坡度的不同对缓冲带污染物净化效果影响显著,19 m长2%坡度缓冲带悬浮物截留率比5%坡度高14%,19 m长百慕大缓冲带悬浮物截留率比高羊茅高11%;进水浓度在10 mg/L以内时,2%坡度百慕大试验带渗流出水TN浓度低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅴ类水标准;进水浓度在0.6 mg/L左右时,百慕大、白花三叶草、高羊茅和2%、3%、4%试验带渗流出水TP浓度均低于GB3838-2002Ⅲ类水标准;计算出缓冲带最佳宽度,2%坡度试验带比5%坡度试验带节约8.6 m,百慕大试验带比高羊茅试验带节约4.3 m。In this non-point pollution control experiment, three local swards： Cynodon dactyion, Festuca Arundinace, and Trifolium repens, and four gradients： 2, 3, 4, and 5 % are selected to construct the buffer strips test base. The final results show that： the riparian buffer strips can effectively remove SS in runoff water and the nutrients in seepage water; the differences of sward and gradient have notable influence on the pollutants purification of buffer strips. The SS retention rate of the 2% gradient buffer strip, 19 m long is 14% higher than 5% gradient strip; that of the Cynodon dactylon buffer, 19 m long is 11% higher than Trifolium repens strip. When the TN concentration of influent is lower than 10 mg/L, that of seepage effluent of 2% gradient Cynodon dactylon strip is lower than Grade V of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards （SWQS） （Chinese EPA, 2002）. When the TP concentration of influent is about 0.6 rag/L, that of seepage effluent of Cynodon dactylon, Festuca Arundinace, Trifolium repens and 2, 3, and 4 % gradient strips is lower than Grade Ⅲ of SWQS. According to the approach used in this paper, the optimal width of 5 % gradient buffer strip is 8.6 m longer than 2 % strip; and the optimal width of Trifolium repens buffer strip is 4.3 m longer than Cynodon dactylon strip.

关 键 词：滨岸缓冲带 面源污染 植被 坡度 最佳宽度 净化 上海 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]