兴电灌区主要带田养分循环与平衡研究  

Study on the Nutrient Cycle and Balance of the Primary Strip Lands in Xingdian Irrigation District

作　　者：杨思存[1] 马忠明[1] 王建成[1] 杨文玉[1] 何贵文[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2008年第5期86-90,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD25B09)

摘　　要：以兴电灌区6种主要带田种植模式为对象,采用田间实地调查,在典型地块划定小区按籽粒、秸秆和根茬三部分测重并取样分析化验的方法,研究了各模式的养分输入与输出状况及其养分循环与平衡特征。结果表明：除小麦/黄豆带田出现氮亏空外,其它5种带田种植模式的氮、磷、钾循环都是良好的,但其平衡条件是有足够的农家肥投入和有豆科作物的共生固氮。农家肥提供了总氮量4.62%-8.93%、总磷量17.34%-22.31%、总钾量72.61%-82.07%的养分;豆科作物提供了总氮量14.08%-42.45%的养分;化肥氮和磷占其养分输入总量的52.27%-76.06%和61.40%-70.91%;由降水和灌水携入的N,P,K分别占其养分输入总量的8.35%-12.04%,3.72%-7.74%和9.20%-17.48%。从施肥结构来看,6种带田种植模式的氮、磷、钾养分输入比例极不合理,在生产上应提倡＂控氮、增磷＂策略,同时注重化学钾肥的施用,并推行秸秆还田和高茬收割技术,以提高养分循环再利用的效率。The feature of the nutrient cycle and balance of the six primary strip lands were studied by investigating the input and output nutrients of the six patterns in Xingdian irrigation district. The results indicated that N, P and K cycle of the five planting patterns were good with the exception of nitrogen deficiency of wheat/soybean strip field, but the only balance condition was adequate manure input and symbiotic nitrogenfixing of legume crops. Manure provided 4.62%-8.93% N, 17. 34%-22. 31% P and 72. 61%-82. 07% K of total nutrients. Legume crops provided 14.08%-42.45% N of total nitrogen. The amount of N and P coming from fertilizers occupied 52.27%-76.06% and 61.40%-70.91% of total N and P, respectively. There were 8.35%-12.04% N, 3.72%-7.74% P and 9.20%-17.48% K of total nutrients input to the strip lands ecosystem by rainfall and irrigation. The proportion of N, P, K input, observing from the structure of fertilization, were extremely unreasonable in all the six planting patterns. The countermeasure should be carried out to control the application amount of N and to increase the application rate of K. Meanwhile, the application of fertilizer K should be focused on. The technique to return crop straw into farmland and harvest in high stubble should be extended to increase the nutrient recycle and reuse efficiency.

关 键 词：带田 养分投入 养分输出 养分平衡 兴电灌区 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]