读书仕进是提升明清家族社会地位的基本途径——明清福建几部族谱的分析  

Reading and being officials were basic passes of upgrading clan social class in Ming-Qing periods——an analysis on some clan books in Fujian in Ming-Qing periods

作　　者：王日根[1] 刘庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《安徽史学》2008年第5期83-91,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：明清福建经历了迅速中原化的过程,家族发展就是典型的例证。为了壮大家族,发展教育、谋求入仕和仕途升迁成为其不二选择。族谱本身往往就是家族在入仕和仕途晋升中成就的体现。首先,在谋求入仕过程中,经商成为改善家族经济条件、为子弟读书提供物质保证的中间手段。家族教育的兴盛有赖于退职致仕官员、经商致富者及广大族人。其次是通过国家官员考核机制决定升降。在这个阶梯里,再次决定社会地位的高低变化,第一步未能走好,成为下层等级的官员还可以获得再次爬升的机会,而第一步即走入高级统治阶层的人们,也可能在这个阶梯游戏中丧失已有的地位,被贬为下层官员甚至平民。科举选拔机制和官员考核机制的结合,才构成一个普通民众社会地位变迁的全过程。There was a process of central-landized rapidly in Ming-Qing Fujian, clan construction was a typical illustration. In order to grand clan, developing education, passing imperial examination and being officials were basic choose. Clan books often were material of those achievements. At first, in the process of being officials, being in business could improve clan economy condition, make children read with enough substance basic. Those quitted working officials, rich merchants and clan people could influence clan education. The second, rise and drop rely on country officials check mechanism. It was another chance： some clans rised, some clans losed their social status. So combination of imperial examination select mechanism and country officials check mechanism form a process of change in common social status.

关 键 词：明清时期 福建家族 社会地位 提升途径 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] K249[历史地理—中国史]