劳动力转移的理论流派与地理学的视角  

THEORY SCHOOLS OF LABOR MIGRATION AND PERSPECTIVES FROM GEOGRAPHY

作　　者：高岩辉[1] 刘科伟[1] 张晓露[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与资源学系,西安710127 [2]咸阳师范学院资源环境与城市科学系,咸阳712000

出　　处：《人文地理》2008年第5期112-118,共7页Human Geography

摘　　要：简单回顾了关于劳动力转移的几种主要理论观点,除综合性的分析外,将劳动力迁移理论归纳为四类分析框架,即二元结构转换理论,以个人决策、成本-收益为主的分析理论,受家庭、社会结构影响的收益-风险分析框架,环境与移民相关分析学派。对人文地理学对劳动力问题的理解,以及近年来国内人文地理学在劳动力转移问题研究的主要议题进行了总结。认为,与现有的成熟理论相比,当前国内地理学对农村劳动力转移的研究存在框架和核心的缺失,偏重于刻画人口/劳动力流动的空间特征,对城市的特别关注,尤其是外来人口对城市空间和城市经济的影响,关注劳动力转移的影响,对劳动力转移的条件、过程的研究不够。对地理学调整改变视角,发挥学科优势,参与中国农村劳动力转移研究提出了建议。Migration is a complex phenomenon, and it should be studied from different perspectives. This paper gives a simple review of labor migration theory, and classifies them into four schools： First, macro-structure transition theory; Second, personal decision and cost-benefit framework; Third, household decision, social structure and return-risk framework; Forth, migration-environment relationship analysis.It believes Pull-Push theory is a synthesis and practical theory. All of these theories provide insights on understanding of migration. Diversity of Scale and factors should be incorporated in theoretical research, especially the interaction between natural system and social system; Different paradigm-model analysis will educe different polices for migration in developing countries; Boundary lines among subject disciplines fade away, Economy, Sociology, Demography, Geography all depict and interpret migration phenomenon. Any discipline has opportunity to demonstrate its strength and advantage in migration study. Then paper summarizes the traditional views of labor in human geography, from location theory to institutional approaches. Geographers＇ Perspectives are changing from location factor to local labor market, from spatial flow to regulation and status in globalization. Compared with mature theories of labor migration in economics, migration researches in human geography have no mature framework or theoretical core. Also this paper gives a survey of rural-urban migration researches in geography. In China, geographers have done lots of work, which help understanding migration and urbanization. Geographers in domestic：1） prefer to describe the spatial structure of migration, including distribution of peasant-workers in rural-urban migration; 2） do more work on the impacts of migration, not the conditions or process of migration decision; 3） pay more attention to the destination of migration, such as the changing of urban structure and economy growth, the impacts on rural areas are usually ignored.

关 键 词：劳动力转移 流派 地理学 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学] F291