安徽省1955-2005年城市大气能见度变化趋势  

Visibility trends in cities of Anhui province during 1955—2005

作　　者：张浩[1] 石春娥[1] 谢伟[1] 邱明燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所,大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥230031

出　　处：《气象科学》2008年第5期515-520,共6页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40675002);安徽省气象局气象科研课题--安徽省浓雾气候特征及城市化及浓雾影响研究

摘　　要：利用安徽省17个地级市气象站1980—2005年的能见度观测资料,分析了安徽省城市大气能见度的地理分布特征,并用Ridit、累积百分率和"非常好"能见度出现频率分析法分别对5个代表性城市1955—2005年的大气能见度进行了研究和分析。结果表明,安徽省城市大气能见度的地理分布大致呈:南北方向,淮北和江南两头高,沿江到沿淮中间低;东西方向,西高东低,安庆、铜陵经合肥到蚌埠为一低值带;各城市的大气能见度总体呈下降趋势,其中夏季下降的幅度最大。1980s末—1990s初开始,5个城市大气能见度均呈下降趋势,"非常好"能见度出现频率明显下降,近几年来下降趋势有些缓解,个别城市大气能见度有所好转。Geographical distribution characteristics of urban visibility in Anhui province are analyzed using routine observational data at 17 urban stations during the period from 1980 to 2005. The visibility trends in 5 cities from 1955 to 2005 have been analyzed using the methods of Ridit analysis cumulative percentiles and frequency of ＂very good＂ visibility. The resuhs shows that the urban visibilities are higher in the districts north to Huai River and south to Yangtze River than those in the region adjacent to Yan- gtze River and the region between Yangtze River and Huai River. In addition, the urban visibilities decrease from west to east. There is a low value zone from Anqing, Tongling through Hefei to Bengbu. The visibility of 5 cities has declined as a whole over the past 50 years, and the largest range of visibility declining is in summer. All the visibility of 5 cities has declined and the frequencies of ＂very good＂ visibility decreased obviously from the late 80s to the early 90s in the 20th century. The decreasing trends of visibility tend to mitigate and visibility is improved in some cities in recent years.

关 键 词：能见度 RIDIT分析法 累积百分率 变化趋势 大气污染 

分 类 号：P427.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]