加减法问题大小效应的加工机制  

The Problem-size Effect in Mental Addition and Subtraction

作　　者：田花[1] 刘昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院暨认知神经科学实验室,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2008年第6期862-867,共6页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：高等学校全国优秀博士学位论文专项资金(200006)资助

摘　　要：有关问题大小效应的加工机制存在两类不同的解释。初期的提取理论认为,问题大小效应是由算术知识的储存表征的各种特征所决定的。后期研究开始关注如计数、分解这样的非提取策略在问题大小效应形成中的作用,认为大问题任务中更低的提取效率和非提取加工效率以及更多采用非提取策略都会造成算术任务的问题大小效应。由于加法和减法中使用的各种加工策略的比重不同,所以表现为不同形式的问题大小效应。今后研究应该考虑采用不同的研究手段,并统一划分大问题和小问题的标准。There are two different theories, the retrieval and nonretrieval theories, accounting for the mechanism of the problem-size effect. The retrieval theories indicated that the problem size effect is attributed to various aspects of the representation of stored arithmetic knowledge. Recently, the researchers pay much more attention to the important role of nonretrieval procedures such as counting and decomposition in the problem size effect. The less efficient retrieval and calculation strategies and more use of nouretrieval procedures contribute to the problem size effect. Due to the different proportion of various strategies, the problem size effect in addition and subtraction shows distinct forms. Future research seems to consider various different study means （e.g., combined ERP and fMRI） and unify the standards to classify the small and large problems.

关 键 词：问题大小效应 加工策略 加法 减法 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]