电子废物不当处置的重金属污染及其环境风险评价 Ⅴ. 电子废物焚烧迹地土壤金属污染对土壤微生物生物量和土壤呼吸的影响  

Studies on Heavy Metal Contamination by Improper Handling of E-Waste and Its Environmental Risk Evaluation Ⅴ. Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Microbial Biomass and Soil Respiration in an E-Waste Open Burning Site

作　　者：余晓华[1,2] 罗勇[1,3] 杨中艺[1] 罗孝俊[4] 袁剑刚[1] 陈社军[4] 麦碧娴[4] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [2]仲恺农业技术学院,广州510225 [3]广东省林业调查规划院,广州510520 [4]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2008年第5期443-450,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：广东省科技攻关项目(No.2006B36701005)

摘　　要：在广东省清远市龙塘镇电子废物焚烧区附近分别设置了主要受电子废物焚烧造成的重金属近距离沉降影响的污染区(U)和距离焚烧活动核心区约1km的水平迁移污染区(L),并在焚烧活动核心区非主风向一侧山丘的反向坡地设置了对照区(CK),探讨了不同程度的重金属污染对土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和土壤呼吸(SR)的影响.结果表明,土壤Cu、Pb、Cd的含量平均值均呈U区>L区>CK区,在污染严重的U区,Cu、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cr和Zn的含量平均值分别是对照区的52.2倍、5.1倍、3.2倍、2.1倍、1.9倍和1.5倍.相应地,U区土壤MBC、土壤基础呼吸(BR)和基质诱导呼吸(SIR)的平均值分别只有对照区的48.0%、28.4%和15.3%,而在污染程度相对较轻的L区则分别为对照区的97.0%、70.1%和60.7%.土壤MBC和SIR均与土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb含量呈极显著负相关(p<0.01).以上结果表明,土壤微生物的生长和土壤生物活性受到了电子废物焚烧排放物(特别是重金属)生物毒性的严重影响,土壤SIR是响应最为敏感的指标.In order to investigate the influences of heavy metals emitted from E-waste open burning activity on soil bioactivity, a pollutants depositing site（U）within the E-waste open burning area, a pollutants horizontally transporting site （L）where was about 1km away from the open burning area and a control site（CK）where accepted little impact from the open burning emissions were conducted in Longtang Town, Qingyuan, Guangdong. Results showed that average concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd in soil were in order of U 〉 L 〉 CK, and the average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Zn in soil of U site were 52.2, 5.1, 3.2, 2.1, 1.9 and 1.5 folds of those in the CK, respectively. Correspondingly, average values of concentration of soil microbial biomass C（MBC）, soil basal respiration（BR）and substrate-induced respiration（SIR）in the U site were only 48.0%, 28.4% and 15.3% of those in the CK site, respectively. While in the L site, where the pollution was not so serious as in the U site, the average values were 97.0%, 70.1% and 60.7% of those in the CK site. Significant negative correlations between MBC or SIR and concentrations of Zn, Cu and Pb in the soil were observed（p 〈 0.01）. The observations indicated that the growth of soil microorganisms and the soil bioactivity, especially the soil SIR, were damaged by the bio-toxicity of the emissions, especially the heavy metals, from the E-waste open burning activity.

关 键 词：电子废物 焚烧 重金属 土壤微生物生物量 土壤呼吸 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]