转基因动物的基础与应用研究  

The Fundamentals and Applications Research of Transgenic Animals

作　　者：曾邦哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中科院微生物研究所基因工程中心,北京中关村100080

出　　处：《生物技术通报》1997年第6期13-18,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

摘　　要：转基因动物研究的基础:1.经典遗传学:揭示了遗传基因的染色体几何位点与生物表型性状的形式对应关系。生物个体体现为物种内全套基因不同等位基因的组合。2.分子遗传学:阐明了基因到性状是核酸到蛋白质的信息流调控过程,即操纵子结构模型和中心法则的研究范畴。3.结构遗传学:基因组结构(遗传语法)、功能(发育调控)与演变(物种进化)过程构成物种进化与发育自组织的结构遗传学基础。进化是基因组的信息化增长结构化分层、分歧是基因组同层结构的重构,而发育是细胞基因组的复制和基因程序化表达。转基因动物研究包括:1.制造产品:器管移植、生物反应器。2.改良生命:动物育种、基因(核酸药物)治疗。3.研究手段:疾病模型、发育调控。转基因动物的基本方法和原理是相同的,都是建立于基因片段交换重组(质粒重组)、基因特异性表达及染色体外基因转移(病毒转位)基础上的。转基因动物表达系统由目的基因、转移载体、受体细胞构成。Ⅰ. STRUCTURAL GENETICS From the views of structurity: panevolution, we can understand the organization, expression and evolution of genome: 1. structure of genome: linkage map: genes group, genes family of metabolism enzyme, receptor regulate and organelle function proteins: 2. regulation in developing: gene site, gene field and self-adaptation system for gene expression in program and induced by interacting arnong endcerine, immune, nervous in micro-environment. 3. species evolution: transgenic recombination: genetic crossover, transposon, mobile element and virus. Ⅱ. TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS Transgenic system is incloude reeepte cell, vector and gene transfer. The applications of transgenics are: manufact products (bioreactor, organs transplantation), genetic improvment (organism breeding, gene therapy) and research methods (disease models, gene regulation): 1. recombination between genes: gene target and homologous recombination methods. 2. gene transposion of vector: sperm cell vector, microinject, gene gun, virus transfer and ES cell methods etc.. 3. gene specific expression in tissue: regulate elements in site specific expression: A. mammanlian gland: a,b-SL; WAP; ALB; BLG. B. avian egg: ovalbumin; vitellogenin; Apo genes.

关 键 词：转基因动物 遗传学 分子遗传学 方法 应用 

分 类 号：Q785[生物学—分子生物学]