细胞分裂过程中的组蛋白H3磷酸化  

Phosphorylation of histone 3 (H3) in cell division

作　　者：孙谦[1] 周浩[1] 黄熙泰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院生物化学与分子生物学系,天津300071

出　　处：《生命的化学》2008年第5期591-594,共4页Chemistry of Life

摘　　要：组蛋白是染色质中主要的蛋白质组分,经过复杂的翻译后修饰,主要包括乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化、泛素化和ADP-核糖基化后,会改变染色质的结构及功能特性。组蛋白H3的磷酸化是高度保守的,发生在有丝分裂和减数分裂中特定的时期和染色体部位。在真核生物的不同物种中,组蛋白的磷酸化在染色体上的分布和起始时期是不同的,但常在中期磷酸化水平达到最高。在有丝分裂或减数分裂将结束的时候,H3普遍发生去磷酸化现象。不同组蛋白的共价修饰有不同的表观遗传学效应。Histones, the main protein components of chromatin, undergo extensive post-translational modifications, particularly acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation. After various modifications of histones, the sturcture and function of chromatin will be changed. Histone 3 （H3） is phosphorylated at specific occasions during mitosis and meiosis. H3 phosphorylation is highly conserved and data show that it may occur at different parts and initiate at different phases during cell division in different eukaryotic organisms. Metaphase chromosomes are always found to be phosphorylated at the highest level. At the end of mitosis or miosis, a universal dephosphorylation takes place in the H3. Different covalent modifications of histories produce diverse epigenetic effects.

关 键 词：组蛋白H3磷酸化 染色质凝集 有丝分裂 组蛋白密码 

分 类 号：Q343[生物学—遗传学]