长江上游干流春季禁渔前后三年渔获物结构和生物多样性分析  

ANALYSIS OF FISHING STRUCTURE AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE UPPER MAINSTREAM OF THE YANGTZE RIVER BEFORE AND AFTER THREE YEARS′ SPRING FISHING OFF

作　　者：段辛斌[1] 刘绍平[1] 熊飞[1,2] 陈大庆[1,3] 杨如恒 池成贵 穆天荣 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站,湖北荆州434000 [2]江汉大学,湖北武汉430056 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [4]重庆市万州区渔政渔港监督管理处,重庆404000 [5]重庆市巴南区渔政渔监船检站,重庆401320 [6]四川省宜宾市水产渔政局,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2008年第6期878-885,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD03B09);国家自然科学基金重大项目(30490234);科技部社会公益项目(2005DIB3J025);国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室三峡工程环境保护项目(SX[2004]-015)资助

摘　　要：根据2000-2005年长江上游于流宜宾、巴南和万州3个江段三层流刺网的监测资料，分析了春禁前后3年渔获物结构和鱼类生物多样性的变化，对长江上游春禁效果进行了初步评价。春禁前后3年共监测到鱼类51种，隶属于3目18科（亚科）36属，以鲤科鱼类为主，占60．8％。春禁后，渔获物主要种类优势度有所下降，部分江段单位捕捞努力量渔获量表现出一定上升趋势，3个江段Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Wilhm改进指数有一定升高，表明种类丰富度有所提高，群落结构趋于复杂，春季禁渔有一定效果。春禁前后渔获物种类的波动，可能与这些种类种群数量少，难以采到有关；春禁后主要种类平均体长、体重仍表现出下降趋势，可能与过度捕捞及资源在短期内难以恢复有关。建议延长禁渔期、严格控制禁渔结束后的捕捞强度等措施来提高禁渔效果，并采取恢复江湖联系、保护重要渔业水域水质、实施水利工程生态调度等措施来配合春禁制度的实施。长江渔业资源的恢复和保护是一个长期而复杂的过程，对长江禁渔效果的准确评估还需要长期监测和深入研究。Changes of fishing structure and biodiversity before and after three years＇ spring fishing off were analyzed and the effects of the spring fishing off were assessed preliminarily according the monitoring data by drift net in Yibin,Banan and Wanzhou reaches of the upper Yangtze River in 2000-2005. Altogether 51 fish species belonging to 36 genera, 18 families （subfamilies） and 3 orders were collected, and Cyprinidae was the dominant,accounting for 60.8% of the total species. After three years＇ spring fishing off, dominances of the main species decreased,CPUE of part reaches increased,and Margalef diverdity index,Pielou evenness index and Wilhm Modified Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the three reaches showed the rising tendency, which indicated the richness of species number and complication of community structure, and the positive ecological effects by the spring fishing off. The fluctuation of fish species before and after the spring fishing off might result from those species with small population size and difficulty to be caught. Furthermore, decreasing trend of average body length and body weight of the main species might be by rea- son of the pressure from overfishing and difficult restoration in a short period. It is suggested that longer fishing off period and controlled capture efforts after the spring fishing off season should be carried out in order to improve the effects of the spring fishing off,while other conservation measures such as reconnection of rive-lake,protection of water quality in important fishery areas and ecological operation of hydrological projects should be put into practice. Restoration and conservation of fishery resources in the Yangtze River is a complex project with a long period,and long-term monitoring and more studies in the future are needed for precision assessments on effects of the spring fishing off.

关 键 词：渔获物结构 生物多样性 春季禁渔 长江上游 

分 类 号：S977[农业科学—捕捞与储运] S937[农业科学—水产科学]