我国1996年急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析  

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS(AFP) IN 1996,CHINA

作　　者：李全乐[1] 张荣珍[1] 曹雷[1] 徐涛[1] 张兰香[1] 张兴录[1] 王克安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院全国计划免疫技术指导中心

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》1997年第6期251-256,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：我国１９９６年急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例监测工作进展显著，以省为单位各项监测指标已接近或达到了世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）所提出的质量要求。我国１９９６年未发现本土脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒病例，仅在云南省与缅甸接壤地带发现３例输入性脊灰野病毒病例（Ⅰ型１例，Ⅲ型２例）。全国仍有５５４个县（区、市、旗，下同）连续４年未报告ＡＦＰ病例，占全国县数的１９４％，主要分布于我国的东北、西北和西南地区。１９９３年以来，我国ＡＦＰ病例主要分布于小年龄组，其中以脊灰和非脊灰肠道病毒感染病例尤为显著，５岁以下病例数分别占８７２％和８６１％。脊灰与脊灰排除病例的“零剂次”服苗率分别为４２４％和１７１％，≥３次服苗率分别为２８６％和６３５％，两者差异显著。我国ＡＦＰ病例均以肢体麻痹为主，脊灰和非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例肢体麻痹者分别占９７０％和９８９％，且均以下肢麻痹为主，其中脊灰病例的残留麻痹率为７６％，显著的高于其他ＡＦＰ病例。In 1996,China has achieved significant progress towards Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance The quality control indicators for AFP surveillance by provinces have been so close or some even above the targets recommended by WHO By the end of 1996,no indigenous wild poliovirus was detected in China How ever,in Yunnan Province,3 imported laboratory-confirmed wild poliovirus cases (1 type Ⅰ,2 type Ⅲ) from Myanmar were reported In addition, from 1992 to 1996,the number of poliomyelitis cases reported from the Western Pacific Region (WPR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the global scale decreased dramatically In WPR there were 57% of polio cases from China, and in global there were 6 1% of polio cases from WPR But there were 544 counties for 4 years still with AFP case under reporting (silent areas) of which mainly distributed in the northeast, northwest and westsouth of China Since 1993, most of AFP cases reported were from very young children, especially for AFP cases related with polio and NPEV,which were 87% and 86% in children under 5 years old The vaccination rate of OPV 'zero-dose' in clinically confirmed polio cases and discarded polio cases were 42 4% and 17 1% respectively, and the rate of OPV ≥3 doses inthose cases were 28 6% and 63 5% respectively,the difference between the two catgories waws significant Most of the paralyzed AFP cases involved with limbs ,in clinically confirmed polio cased and non polio AFP cases were about 97% and 98% respeclively chiefly attacked lower limbs The rate of residual paralysis in polio cases was 76%,that were sigficantly higher than that in other kinds of AFP cases

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 弛缓性麻痹 监测 

分 类 号：R746[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R512.4[医药卫生—临床医学]