不同云系降水过程中GPS可降水量的特征--华北地区典型个例分析  

Features of Precipitable Water Vapor by GPS in Different Cloudform Precipitation——Analyses on Some Typical Cases in North China

作　　者：李国翠[1] 李国平[2,3] 连志鸾[1] 孙丽华 

机构地区：[1]河北省石家庄市气象局,河北石家庄050081 [2]成都信息工程学院高原大气与环境研究中心,四川成都610225 [3]成都区域气象中心,四川成都610071 [4]秦皇岛市气象台,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第5期1066-1073,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局成都区域气象中心区域重大科研业务项目(2007-11);中国气象局“京津冀地区地基GPS大气水汽观测资料应用研究”;成都信息工程学院自然科学与技术发展基金项目(CSRF2007d2)共同资助

摘　　要：利用石家庄、秦皇岛和张家口2005-2006年4～10月地基GPS反演的可降水量资料和常规天气资料，对可降水量与实际降水的关系进行统计，按降水性质，选取单纯积状云产生的对流降水、单纯层状云产生的稳定性降水及层积混合云产生的暴雨三类样本，对可降水量在三类典型降水过程中的演变趋势进行了分析。结果表明：大气中存在高值可降水量是降水产生的必要条件；可降水量呈阶段性、波状变化特点，其变化幅度、极值水平和持续时间与天气影响系统、降水性质等密切相关；降水强度和可降水量极大值出现时间不一定吻合，但强降水通常出现在可降水量的高值阶段，可降水量的高值阶段往往对应着较高的降水概率。另外，可降水量在以上三类性质降水中表现出不同特征，可为降水的短时临近预报提供参考。Based on the preeipitable water vapor received from ground-based GPS and surface meteorological data in Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao and Zhangjiakou city in April - October 2005--2006, the relation between preeipitable water vapor and real precipitation are studied. With the analysis of precipitable water vapor in convective precipitation produced in the cumuli form, steady precipitation in the stratiformis cloud, and the heavy rain in the laminose and mixed stratiformis cloud, some valuable conclusions are put forward in this paper, the results are as follows： It is a necessary condition that high preeipitable water vapor exist in the air. Precipitable water vapor change according to wave shape and phases character, there is a good relationship between change extent, maximum level, duration and weather system, precipitation kinds and etc. The oppearing time of maximum value between rainfall intansity and precipitable water vapor is uncertain coincidence, but it is known that severe rainfall usually begin at the period of high value of precipitable water vapor, and high value of precipitable probability is parallelism with the latter. In addition, there is different characteristics in the above three different precipitable kinds, and these resuits provide a reference for the short range forecasting and now-casting.

关 键 词：华北 地基GPS 可降水量 稳定度参数 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]