普通玉米蛋白质、淀粉和油分含量的遗传效应分析  

Genetic Effects of Grain Protein,Starch and Oil Contents in Maize

作　　者：魏良明[1,2] 戴景瑞[1] 刘占先[1] 鄂立柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学国家玉米改良中心,北京100094 [2]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第11期3845-3850,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家“863”计划项目(2002AA207008)

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米蛋白质、淀粉和油分含量的遗传主效应及基因型×环境互作效应。【方法】采用谷物种子性状遗传模型和统计方法,分析10个自交系及90个F1、F2杂交组合在两个种植地点的试验数据。【结果】蛋白质、淀粉、油分含量的遗传主效应方差(VG)和基因型×环境互作方差(VGE)分别占各性状总遗传方差(VG+VGE)的38.5%和61.5%、48.2%和51.8%、48.2%和51.8%。在遗传主效应中,蛋白质、油分含量同时受控于种子和母体效应;淀粉含量以母体效应为主,种子(胚乳)效应次之;细胞质效应相对较小。在基因型×环境互作效应中,3个品质性状均以种子、母体×环境互作为主,未发现细胞质×环境互作。蛋白质含量以互作遗传力(h2GE)为主;淀粉、油分含量以普通遗传力(h2G)为主。【结论】3个品质性状都不同程度地存在种子(胚乳或胚)、母体植株和细胞质等3套遗传体系的遗传主效应及基因型×环境互作。其中,蛋白质含量主要受基因型×环境互作效应影响;淀粉、油分含量同时受遗传主效应和基因型×环境互作效应的作用。[ Objective ] The genetic main effects of seed, maternal plant and cytoplasm and their genotype environment （GE） interactions on protein, starch and oil content in the maize kernels were determined in the present study. [Method]Experimental data were analyzed on three quality traits of ten inbred lines, 90 F1 and 90 F2 single crosses grown at two locations by using a genetic model including genetic main effects and GE interactions on seed quantitative traits in cereal crops. [ Result] Estimates of genetic effects variances showed that the variances of genetic main effects （VG） and GE interaction （VGE） accounted for 38.5 % and 61.5%, 48.2% and 51.8%, and 48,2% and 51.8% of the total genetic variance （VG ＋ VGE） for protein, starch and oil content, respectively. Among all kinds of genetic main effects, protein and oil contents were simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of both the maternal plant and the seed. Starch content was mainly controlled by those of maternal plant, and less by seed. The cytoplasmic effects were relatively small and unimportant in the genetic variation of three quality traits. Among GE interactions, significant seed and maternal effects x environment interactions, and no cytoplasm interaction for three quality traits were observed. Analysis of heritability revealed that the interaction heritability （h2GE） was larger than the general heritability （h2G） for protein; however, the general heritability （h^2G） was larger than the interaction heritability （h^2GE） for starch and oil content, respectively. [Conclusion] The genetic main effects of seed, maternal plant and cytoplasm as well as the GE interactions simultaneously controlled three grain quality traits, though in different ways. Protein was mainly affected by GE interactions, while starch and oil contents were governed both by the genetic main effects and by GE interactions.

关 键 词：玉米 蛋白质 淀粉 油分 遗传主效应 基因型×环境互作 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]