好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及其在鸡粪发酵氮素转化中的作用  

Screening of Aerobic Denitrifiers and Their Function in Nitrogen Transformation of Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure

作　　者：王立群[1] 肖维伟[1] 曹立群[1] 喻其林[1] 孙文[1] 顾文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第6期2494-2498,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(C020305)

摘　　要：在以秸秆为调理剂的鸡粪好氧发酵环境,按温度阶段取样、分离好氧反硝化细菌,进一步通过反硝化活性测定实验筛选其中优势好氧反硝化细菌。将其回接到发酵堆垛中,并测定堆肥的硝态氮、铵态氮及全氮等指标的含量变化。结果表明,在鸡粪发酵中存在着好氧反硝化细菌菌群;通过活性测定实验,筛选出了3株优势好氧反硝化的菌株SF35-1、JF45-2和JF35-1,经鉴定分别归为芽孢杆菌属、德克斯氏菌属和克雷伯氏菌属。该3株细菌均来自于发酵中温段,说明反硝化作用受温度影响,中温段强于其他温段。另外芽孢杆菌属的SF35-1菌株和德克斯氏菌属的JF45-2菌株同时还具有硝化作用,但在所试环境中强度不及反硝化作用。回接发酵试验证实,接种的优势好氧反硝化细菌使鸡粪堆制发酵中的硝态氮及全氮含量降低,而铵态氮含量变化不明显,说明这些反硝化细菌在实际的鸡粪发酵环境中同样具有反硝化作用,并造成了堆肥的氮素损失。Aerobic denitrifying bacteria were isolated at different temperature stages in composting of chicken feces with straw as conditioner. The dominant strains were screened by measuring de-nitrification ability, Then the dominant strains were re-cultured into the composting of chicken feces and the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen were measured. The results were as follows：there were aerobic de-nitrifiers in the composting of chicken feees. Three dominant strains, named SF35-1, SF45-2 and JF35-1, were screened by determining activity of nitrogen removal, and identified as Bacillus sp., Derxia sp. and Klebsiella sp. respectively. The three strains were all isolated from mid-temperature stage. It showed that de-nitrification was affected remarkably by temperature and was stronger in mid-temperature stage than other stages. The SF35-1 （Bacillus sp. ）and JF45-2（Derxia sp. ）also had the ability of nitrification, which was weaker than the ability of de-nitrificatiun. The dominant aerobic denitrifying bacteria inoculated into compost resulted in reduction of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contents, and suggested that denitrifying bacteria had de-nitrification in chicken feces fermentation. It wonhl reduce the nitrogen loss and air pollution by effectively regulating the activity of this group of bacteria.

关 键 词：好氧反硝化细菌 鸡粪发酵 硝态氮 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]