“用非其有”:战国后期君道论的整合与歧出  

Using,not Owning:A Proposition Concerning the Convergence and Divergence of Scholars' Thoughts on the Tao of Ruler

作　　者：庞慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2008年第12期16-22,共7页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：陕西师范大学211工程重点学科建设项目"中国古代文明"研究成果之一

摘　　要：从春秋后期到战国后期,诸子对君道的探讨表现出由"道"转"术"的趋势。成书于战国末年的《吕氏春秋》中主张的君道"用非其有",为此种趋势的存在提供了鲜明例证。《吕氏春秋》对君道"用非其有"的阐说,既明显接受了《管子》、《韩非子》式的道法家言,又表现出儒家思想的强烈影响,与之前的《墨子》及后来的《淮南子》中的一些说法也有明显的相通之处。《吕氏春秋》所说的君道"用非其有",其核心是驭臣之术,强调君主应任臣之能而非自任其能,这正是战国后期诸子君道论对君主的共同要求。在战国后期,随着新的中央集权制度及官僚行政体制的形成,君主不得不将主要精力用于驾驭臣下,此时诸子君道论的关注重点转为"君术",实是此种现实政治的回应。The Tao of ruler was always the topic discussed by scholars during 6-3 century B. C. in China, while the point of this topic has also changed with the political situation＇s change in that very period. The later scholars, compared with their predecessors, were more interested in the Shu, namely, how the ruler controls his ministers. Using, not owning, as the principle of the Tao of ruler proposed in Lii Shi Chun Qiu, could be regarded as the proof of that change. The proposition revealed the convergence of scholars＇ thoughts on the Tao of Ruler in the late Warring-States period, at the same time,their divergence.

关 键 词：“用非其有” 君道 战国后期 整合 《吕氏春秋》 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]