称名与十念——昙鸾念佛往生方法辨析  

Verbal Chanting of Buddha's Name and Shinian——A Study of Tanluan's Buddhist Cultivation Practice

作　　者：魏农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2008年第6期76-78,共3页Academic Journal of Jinyang

摘　　要：北魏名僧昙鸾被认为是中国净土宗重要法门"称名念佛"的最早倡导者。但实际上,昙鸾的念佛方法"十念"并未偏离印度传统的观想念佛法。昙鸾推崇"称名念佛"对于净土理论的真正创新意义在于:认为根器较差的众生必须通过这一法门才能使自己的思维进入"十念"观想;以阿弥陀佛名号作为媒介,可以沟通佛与"十念",从而使后者在作用上胜过众生以往所造的恶业,最终实现往生净土。昙鸾认为印度传统的净土法门方法不够简易,且与"业报"理论有冲突,他提倡"称名念佛",乃是针对这些不足之处所做的改良。Tanluan, a famous Buddhist monk of the Northern Dynasties, is usually considered as the initiator ofthe practice of ＂verbal chanting of Buddha＇s name,＂ an important method of China＇s Pure Land School. Yet in fact, the ＂Shinian,＂ as advocated by Tanluan for novices to be always mindful of the Buddha, does not actually deviate from the traditional Indian contemplation and visualization. The true contribution of Tanluan to the theory of Pure Land lies in his pragmatic considerations when adopting the verbal chanting practice, namely, his recognition that it is only by this means that the obtusely endowed can fix their mind on contemplation; that the name of Amit a bha Buddha can actual- ly serve as an intermediary between the Buddha and chants, thus enabling the overcoming of past evil deeds that the sentient beings had done, leading to their final rebirth in the Pure Land. Tanluan considers the Indian traditional method of rebirth in Pure Land complicated, and conflicting with the theory of karma as well. His ＂verbal chanting of Buddha＇s name＂ is thus an improvement to counter these deficiencies.

关 键 词：昙鸾 十念 称名念佛 观想念佛 佛教 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]