旱地不同栽培模式和施氮对土壤水分、温度及氮素矿化的影响  

Effects of different cultivation patterns and application of nitrogen fertilizer on moisture,temperature and nitrogen mineralization in soil of dryland

作　　者：董放[1] 王媛[1] 关维刚[1] 周建斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第12期108-114,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571087;40773057和30230230);西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目

摘　　要：【目的】为旱地土壤的水肥调控及生态环境保护提供科学依据。【方法】于2007-03～05利用田间原位培养方法，研究了旱地不同栽培模式（常规对照（不覆盖无灌溉）、覆膜（覆盖地膜）和覆草（覆盖秸秆，4500kg／hm。））和施用氮肥（施用纯N0，120kg／hm^2）对土壤水分、温度及氮素矿化特性的影响。【结果】与常规栽培模式相比，覆盖秸秆和地膜均不同程度地提高了0～20cm土层土壤含水率。覆盖地膜明显地提高了0～20cm土层的土壤温度，而覆盖秸秆后，土壤温度一直处在较低水平。同一栽培模式下，施用氮肥提高了0～20cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、硝态氮淋溶量及土壤氮素矿化量。施用氮肥后，3种栽培模式相比，覆草模式土壤氮素矿化量最低；与常规模式相比，覆膜增加了土壤温度，但其土壤氮素矿化量并未增加。【结论】有必要进一步采用田间原位培养方法，研究旱地不同栽培模式对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响。[Objective] Different cultivation patterns are used in dryland farming to conserve water in soil. How these cultivation patterns affect the soil moisture,temperature and nitrogen mineralization is an issue deserving study. [Method] A field in-situ incubations method was conducted to investigate the effect of different cultivation patterns （conventional pattern （no mulehing and irrigation） , plastic film mulching, and straw mulching （wheat straw, 4 500 kg/hm2）） and addition of nitrogen （N） fertilizer （0 and 120 kg/hm2） on the soil moisture,temperature,and nitrogen mineralization. [Result] In comparison with the conventional cultivation pattern, the plastic mulching and straw mulching patterns significantly increased soil water content in depth of 0--20 era. The plastic mulching also significantly increased soil temperature in depth of 0--10 and 10--20 cm and straw mulching decreased temperature during the incubation period. The application of N fertilizer significantly increased the content of nitrate in soil,and nitrate leaching from the 0--20 cm soil column. The addition of N fertilizer also significantly increased the N mineralization of the soil. Straw mulching decreased the N mineralization of the soil. Although the plastic mulching signifi- cantly increased soil temperature,it did not increase the soil N mineralization in comparison with the conventional cultivation pattern. [Conclusion] It is necessary to continue using the in-situ incubations method to study the N mineralization in the field.

关 键 词：栽培模式 田间原位培养法 水分 温度 氮素矿化 旱地 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]