西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼夏季索饵场浮游动物的分布  

Abundance distribution of zooplanktons in Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) summer feeding grounds of the northwestern Pacific Ocean

作　　者：朱清澄[1] 夏辉[1] 花传祥[2] 许巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]大洋生物资源开发和利用上海高校重点实验室上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2008年第6期890-898,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师科研专项基金(B-8101-08-0044);2005年上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字2005-4-5)

摘　　要：根据2005年7-9月于西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场所采集到的浮游动物的有关数据,对调查海域表层浮游动物的组成、数量和分布进行了研究。在30个站点所采集的浮游动物样品中,分别测得甲壳纲、矢足纲、原生动物、腔肠动物的25种代表种,其中以桡足类、箭虫类、端足类、糠虾类和磷虾类的平均丰度最高。浮游动物生物量分布不均匀,近专属经济区和46°30′N以北各站点的生物量较高,站点平均值为每立方米(430.06±251.18)mg,超过每立方米500mg的站点共有11个。分别利用灰色关联和胃含物法对其与秋刀鱼渔场分布之间的关系进行了探讨。秋刀鱼的平均日产量为(7.72±5.25)t,日均网次产量为(0.78±0.33)t,都与桡足类、端足类、箭虫类的分布关系非常显著。秋刀鱼胃含物样本频数最高依次为桡足类、箭虫类、虾类、端足类、浮蚕类。在浮游动物中,桡足类和箭虫类占绝对优势,出现频率分别达到100%和93.3%,平均每立方米生物量为298.56mg和118.09mg,其和占总生物量的高达96.88%,严重影响了总生物量的空间分布,分析认为与中心渔场分布的关系最为显著,因此可将其生物量大小作为确定秋刀鱼中心渔场的重要指标。The zooplankton specimens were investigated in Pacific saury （Cololabis saira） fishing grounds of the northwestern Pacific Ocean from July to September in 2005, and then were analyzed by species, amount and distribution. The results showed that 25 genera of zooplanktons were identified, which belonged to Crustacea, Sagittoidea, Protozoa, and Coelenterata. Among all the zooplanktons, the mean abundance of Copepoda, Chaetognatha,Amphipoda, Mysidacea and Euphausiacea were the highest. The biomass of zooplanktons distribution was not even, with peak zones around the sites closed to EEZ of Russia and the sites north of 46°30＇N. The average site-biomass was （430.06 ± 251.18） mg.m^-3, with 11 sites more than 500 mg.m^-3. Gray correlation theory and stomach content method were used to build the relationship between the distribution of zooplanktons and Pacific saury. The average daily saury catch was （7.72 ± 5.25） t.d^-1, average daily catch per net was （0.78 ± 0.33） t.net^-1, according to Gray correlation theory, both of them had a comparatively high relation coefficient with the distributions of Copepoda, Chaetognatha, and Amphipoda. And with the analysis of contents from Pacific saury specimens＇s stomachs, the most frequently detected zooplankton was Copepoda, followed by Chaetognath, Mysidacea, Arnphipoda and Tornopteridae. In all zooplanktons, the site-occurrence-rates of Copepoda and Chaetognatha were the highest, 100% and 93.3%, and the average biomass of which were 298.56 mg. m^-3 and 118.09 rag.m^-3 and the summation accounted for 96.88% of total biomass. The result shows that these two species created a strong relationship with the distribution of saury fishing grounds, and their biomass can be considered as the important indicator of looking for the main saury fishing grounds.

关 键 词：浮游动物 秋刀鱼 产量分布 西北太平洋 渔场 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]