黄河流域史前经济形态对4kaB.P.气候事件的响应  

DIFFERENT RESPONSE MODELS OF PREHISTORIC ECONOMY TO 4kaB.P.CLIMATE EVENT IN THE REACHES OF HUANGHE RIVER

作　　者：张小虎[1] 夏正楷[1] 杨晓燕[2] 吉笃学 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]深圳市文物考古鉴定所,深圳518052

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2008年第6期1061-1069,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题3500BC-1500BC;“中国文明形成与早期发展阶段的环境研究”项目(批准号:2006BAK21B02);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40571168和40401008)共同资助

摘　　要：史前文化的经济形态与自然环境密切相关,不同地区史前经济形态的差异反映了人类对环境的不同响应方式。通过对黄河流域4kaB.P.前后不同文化中农作物、动物以及人骨同位素等有关资料的综合分析,结果表明黄河上游、中游和下游地区史前经济形态对4kaB.P.气候变化的响应存在3种不同的模式:甘青地区从农业为主向农牧并重、畜牧成分显著增加的混合经济形式转变;山东地区从稻粟混作向以粟为主的农业经济转变;而中原地区则是以粟为主的农业持续稳定发展。究其原因,认为除了史前人类的文化传统和适应能力等因素之外,主要与气候变化的区域差异以及人类对气候变化的不同响应有关。Prehistoric economy is closely related to environment. Economic patterns reflect different human response models to environment in different regions. Reviewing on the prehistoric economic proxies such as plant macrofossils, animal bones and δ^13C and δ^15N of human bones excavated from archaeological sites in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of Huanghe River around 4kaB. P. ,the authors found out that the prehistoric economies are definitely different and could be summarized as three models ： （ 1 ） The Ganqing Model from a single millet agriculture to a mixed agriculture with nomadism in the upper reaches; （2）The Shangdong Model from millet ＆ rice agriculture to millet agriculture in the lower reaches; （3） The Continuous Central China millet agriculture model in the middle reaches. We found out that climate changed extensively from warm/moist to dry/cold at the beginning of 4kaB. P. in all reaches of Huanghe River on the basis of the clear definition of 4kaB. P. climate event. Obviously,the changes of the economic pattern along the Huanghe River coupled with the 4kaB. P. climate event. However, the reason causing the difference in economic pattern in different reaches of the river is unknown. Human beings may adjust its subsistence strategy according to local geographic environment, ecologic system, and cultural tradition. When it turned to extremely dry/cold environment at 4kaB. P. the following strategies might have been taken by humans in different regions： （1）People might be forced to extend food resource by feeding animals such as sheep and cow when millet agriculture couldn＇t provide enough food with low precipitation in upper reaches of Huanghe River; （2）People might have no choice but resorting to millet agriculture because rice could not survive in lowered temperature in the lower reaches of Huanghe River ; （3） People may have remained their old millet agriculture in terms of good geographic condition and abundant biological resources in the middle reaches of Hu

关 键 词：4kaB.P.气候事件 史前经济形态 响应模式 黄河流域 

分 类 号：P343.5[天文地球—水文科学] P534.632[天文地球—地球物理学]