陕北靖边五庄果墚动物骨的C和N稳定同位素分析  

STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS ON ANIMAL BONES FROM THE WUZHUANGGUOLIANG SITE,JINGBIAN,NORTHERN SHAANXI

作　　者：管理[1] 胡耀武[2,3] 胡松梅[4] 孙周勇[4] 秦亚[5] 王昌燧[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院研究生院人文学院科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [3]中国科学院人类演化与环境动因实验室,北京100044 [4]陕西省考古研究所,西安710054 [5]广东省博物馆,广州510110

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2008年第6期1160-1165,共6页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(批准号:KJCX3-SYW-N12);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40702003);中国科学院院长基金项目资助

摘　　要：对陕北靖边五庄果墚遗址出土的4种动物(家猪、狗、鼠、草兔)骨骼进行了C和N稳定同位素分析,研究了这4种动物的食谱特征、营养级结构,分析了人类活动对生活在其周围动物食物结构的影响。所有骨骼样品的C,N含量以及C/N摩尔比表明,所选取的样品均保存较好,可用于食谱分析。骨胶原的C和N稳定同位素分析结果显示,所研究的4种动物呈现出不同的营养级结构,草兔和鼠类为植食性动物,而家猪和狗为杂食性动物,狗部分表现出肉食性。草兔主要以野草或树叶等C3类植物为食;而家猪、狗和鼠类则主要以C4类植物为食,这与先民从事的粟作农业密切相关。褐家鼠、家猪和狗的骨胶原中具有较高的δ15N值,表明其食物结构明显受到人类活动的影响,其中家猪和狗更为明显,其食物结构已与野生动物产生明显差异。One of the goals of the zooarchaeology is to explore the ancient environmental transitions and the relationships between humans and animals. Palaeodiet analysis by stable isotope from mammal tissues has increasingly become one of the powerful methods in palaeodietary in the world,but in China it is only in the early stage. It is thus very necessary to develop the related studies. The Wuzhuangguoliang Site is located on the northwest of Xiaojie Village, Huanghaojie Town which is 30kin to Jingbian City,Shaanxi Province. It is dated as the late period of Yangshao Cuhure. In order to reconstruct the palaeodietary of animals of the site,carbon and nitrogen isotope values were measured from 12 bones of 4 kinds of animals, including domestic pigs, dogs, rats and Lepus capensis, to understand the characteristics of palaeodiet and different nutrition levels of these animals. The results allow us to analyze the effects on the animals＇ palaeodiet by the human activities. In general, all the bone samples have their C/N （ mol ratio） ranging from 3.16 to 3.19, within the standard range of well preservation （2.9 - 3.6 ） , thus they are preserved well enough for palaeodietary research. The δ^15N values show that the four kinds of animals belong to different nutrition levels. Lepus capensis and the rats are herbivores. Rattus norvegicu has higher δ^15N value （ 6.87‰ ） than those of Myospalax fontanieri （5.31‰） and Lepus capensis（4. 85‰ ±0. 11‰）by eating meat. The domestic pigs and the dogs should belong to omnivorous animals, who have higher δ^15N values（8.44‰ ±0.83‰ and 9.03‰ ±0.26‰）. Parts of the dogs from the site show some characteristics of carnivorous animal. The high δ^15N values of the domestic pigs and the dogs indicate that the two kinds of animals took a certain amount of meat protein which was possibly derived from human leftover or excrement. The analytical results of δ^13C values of the samples show that Lepus capensis from the site ate mainly C3 plants such as we

关 键 词：稳定同位素分析 粟作农业 动物考古 五庄果墚 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915.3[历史地理—历史学]