景观“源、汇”的动态特性及其量化方法  

The Landscape Dynamics of 'Source' and 'Sink' and Its Quantification Method

作　　者：许申来[1,2] 周昊 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]国家环保部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2008年第6期64-67,71,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家基金委创新群体项目(40621061);面上基金项目(30570319);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAC01A06)

摘　　要：正确理解景观格局与生态过程的关系是景观生态学研究的关键,尽管基于"源""汇"过程的景观空间负荷对比指数较好地将景观格局与生态过程联系起来,但是对于如何定量刻画"源""汇"景观及其动态特性没有提出科学的方法。针对上述不足,深入分析了"源"、"汇"景观的动态特性,并从景观阻力与侵蚀力平衡关系的角度提出了定量判断"源""汇"景观格局的方法。这个方法的特点包括:(1)基于土壤侵蚀过程定量判定景观"源、汇"动态;(2)由于景观"源、汇"动态定量判定中充分考虑到降雨和土壤的异质性,对环境背景值不同的地区也适用。(3)从距离、相对高度和坡度3个方面建立景观格局动态评价模型即景观空间负荷对比动态指数,该指数很好地将景观格局动态与生态过程联系在一起,使定量研究和预测景观格局与过程的关系成为可能。通过分析景观空间负荷对比动态指数与流域出口处泥沙监测值的相关性,可以揭示某一流域景观格局对土壤侵蚀过程的影响。Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of in-depth research in landscape ecology. This paper reconsiders the pattern-process relationship and analyzes the reason of separation of the landscape pattern and ecological processes. In this paper, we bring forward a method to quantify the characteristics of the dynamics of the ＇sink＇ landscape and ＇source＇ landscape with the development of the ＇source-sink＇ theory, cost-distance model analysis under a framework of soil erosion. This method can be used to evaluate the effect of landscape pattern upon ecological processes as related to distance, relative elevation, and slope degree, namely, location-weighted dynamic landscape contrast index （DLCI）. This index links the dynamic landscape pattern to the ecological process so properly that it can be possible to quantify and predict the pattern-process relationship. This method has three following major characteristics, the first feature is the quanti- fied definition of the dynamic ＇ source-sink＇ landscape pattern based corresponding ecological process; the second merit is a wide application for heterogeneity of environment in term of rainfall and soil. The last advantage is the evaluation of influence of landscape pattern on soil erosion with weighted dynamic landscape contrast index. Thus, the weighted dynamic landscape contrast index provides some important key reference for deepening the pattern-process relationship in landscape ecology.

关 键 词：“源”“汇”景观理论 生态过程 景观格局动态 距离成本模型 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]