基于场景记忆的参照系整合过程中的物体方位判断  

Object Location Judgments in Spatial Memory Based on Coordinating Egocentric and Allocentric References

作　　者：周荣刚[1] 张侃[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院心理研究所脑与认知国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《心理学报》2008年第12期1229-1239,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(30800304)

摘　　要：以绝对方位中的物体方位判断为实验任务,并按照以往研究把判断过程进行分解为获取目标位置信息、获取前行方向信息和判断目标物体相对于参照物体的方位信息,旨在考察不同信息获取过程下的目标位置和前行方向如何影响基于场景记忆的参照系整合过程中的绝对方位判断。实验1的判断任务同时包括这三个过程;实验2和实验3中的判断任务分别独立于路径描述(即定位后判断,先获知目标位置信息,再进行方位判断)和自身定向(即定向后判断,先获取前行方向信息,再进行方位判断)。每个任务均为目标位置(R0°-前、R45°-左前/右前、R90°-左/右、R135°-左后/右后,R180°-后)×前行方向(北、东南西、斜方向)的组内设计、因变量为正确率和判断时间,共有60名大学生被试(男女各半)参与实验。发现:朝北优势效应只在实验1中明显;三个实验任务中均存在正方向-左右位置优势效应、以及0°和180°位置优势效应;目标位置对物体方位判断的影响程度要大于前行方向对判断的影响程度。结合以往的研究来看,场景记忆上的判断比视觉媒介上的同类判断受目标位置影响的程度要大,其他影响模式比较一致。从判断的信息获取过程上对结果进行了讨论,这有助于理解绝对方位判断的认知结构。With visual spatial scene, previous absolute direction judgment （including cardinal direction judgments） studies based on coordinating egocentric and allocentric reference have identified the effect patterns of target position and heading. Also, a variety of ACT-R models have been developed to understand cognitive process of absolute direction judgments. The popular task scenario is asking participant to use a map to determine the absolute direction between two objects in a visual scene, which is presented as 3D or camera picture. In other field of spatial cognition, relative direction/location tasks （i.e., front/back） are used for the purpose of understanding how spatial layout of scene is represented in the mind. This study aimed to investigate how target position and mismatch between two references influence absolute direction judgments based on spatial memory. Based on Zhou et al＇s study （2007）, the three components of navigation （route specifying, heading identifying, and direction determining） were used to control information present orders in different experiments. The target scene was adapted from Mou （2002） spatial research. Three 8 × 8 within-subject experiments were conducted. The variables are target position （0°/up, 45° （R45°）, 90° （R90°）, 135°（R135°）, 180°, 225°（R135°）, 270°（R90°）, and 315°/left-up （R45°）） and heading （N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW）. Participants were asked to remember one scene with regular layout of seven small objects. In another room, with one of the given headings, participants used ＂verbal report＂ to give the absolute direction （i.e., the N, NE） between two objects in the memory scene. The information of heading and the two objects were presented on a computer screen. Exp. 1 contained all three navigation components. In Exp. 2, participants made the judgments based on heading information after remembering the route information （independent of direction judgments task）. Exp. 3 used same tasks as Exp.

关 键 词：场景记忆 自我参照 环境参照 物体方位判断 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]