应急疏散过程建模及其算法研究  

Emergency Evacuation Model and Algorithms

作　　者：陈岳明[1] 萧德云[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学自动化系,北京100084

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2008年第6期96-100,共5页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技攻关项目(2005BA414B09);国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2007BAK12B15)

摘　　要：实施科学有效的应急疏散策略对提高城市交通应急响应能力、节约救援时间和降低灾害带来的生命财产损失具有重要的作用.疏散路线的构建和各疏散路口的路网分配问题是应急疏散问题的关键所在.在描述路网疏散问题的基础上,构建了以总疏散时间最小化为目标的疏散模型,并运用庞特里亚金最大值原理获得模型的最优解条件.设计了疏散路线构造算法和路口车辆分配算法,用于引导待疏散车辆迅速地疏散到安全区域.在疏散过程中引入反馈思想,利用实时的路网状态信息对疏散策略进行更新调整.仿真结果表明所提出的模型和算法能较好地对路网进行应急疏散.A scientific and effective emergency evacuation plan plays an important role in improving the event reaction ability of the urban traffic system, as well as, saves rescue time and reduces property losses. Evacuation route construetion and network distribution in each network junction are vital for evacuation planning problems. An optimal objective based on the shortest emergency time is established and the optimal solution is acquired using the Pontryagin minimum principle. The evacuation route construction algorithm and traffic flow assignment algorithm in each junction are employed to deliver the traffic flow in the evacuation area to a safe region rapidly and safely. The idea of feedback is introduced in the execution using real-time information to adjust and update the evacuation plan. The simulation result shows that the proposed model and algorithm can be effectively carried out in an emergency evacuation.

关 键 词：应急疏散 动态交通流 庞特里亚金最大值原理 状态反馈 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]