广西壮族自治区青少年心理健康状况调查  

Investigation on Mental Health State of Adolescent in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：经承学[1] 王琳琳[1] 方栓锋[2] 冯启明[3] 王家琳[4] 陈国力[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第一附属医院儿科,南宁530021 [2]郑州市儿童医院儿童保健科,郑州450052 [3]广西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,南宁530021 [4]广西医科大学公共卫生学院医学心理学教研室,南宁530021

出　　处：《实用儿科临床杂志》2008年第23期1833-1835,1859,共4页Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目资助(桂科攻0472002-10)

摘　　要：目的了解广西壮族自治区青少年心理问题发生率、心理问题的类型和表现形式及其影响因素。方法使用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、一般情况调查表及父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对广西壮族自治区南宁、桂林、百色、玉林和北海5个城市9367名青少年(男4361名,女5006名;年龄12～18岁)采用问卷调查方式进行心理健康状况调查。以SCL-90各因子得分达到或超过中度痛苦水平(≥3分)为界,划分有无心理健康问题。EMBU每个条目以1～4分量化其轻重程度,结合SCL-90及一般情况调查结果,了解父母教养方式对青少年心理健康水平的影响。所有数据均经SPSS13.0及PEMS2.0软件处理。结果症状自评量表筛选出有心理问题1362人,心理问题检出率为14.5%,广西青少年各因子得分均低于2004年4省常模,其中得分较高的项目为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对和偏执;女性心理问题发生率高于男性;非独生子女心理问题发生率高于独生子女;单亲家庭子女心理问题发生率高于非单亲家庭子女;少数民族青少年与汉族青少年心理问题的发生率比较无统计学差异;父母不同教养方式对青少年心理健康有不同程度的影响:情感温暖与青少年心理健康状况呈负相关;而惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、偏爱被试、拒绝、否认、过度保护等项因子与青少年心理健康状况呈正相关。结论青少年心理健康问题应得到广泛重视。Objective To explore the incidence, manifestation and influencing factors of mental problems in adolescent in Guangxi province. Methods The mental health situation in 9 367 adolescent, including 4361 male and 5 006 female aged from 12 to 18 years old from Nanning, Guiling, Baise, Yulin and Beihai cities were investigated with Symptom Check List -90 （SCL- 90） and Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran （EMBU） self-designed questionnaire. Their backgrounds were also included in the investigation. The health problems were detected through SCL- 90 scores achieving or exceeding moderate pain level（≥ 3 scores）. Every items of EMBU were quantified to 1 -4 scores as light and heavy degree,combining with esults of SCL- 90 and background investigation, then to understand the influence of parents＇ educational methods on adolescent mental health. All data were processed with SPSS 13.0 and PEMS 2.0 software. Results Fourteen point five percent of selected adolescent had mental problems（ 1 362 cases）. The score of every item among Guangxi adolescent was lower than that of adolescent in other 4 provinces in 2004. The high score items included obsessive - compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility etc. Female had higher incidence of mental problem than that of male. While the incidence was higher not only in the child families,but also in the single parent families. The incidence had no statistic contrast between minority ethnic group and Han adolescent. Different parents＇ educational methods had different influence on adolescent. Warm sentiment had negative correlation with adolescent health problems, while some factors such as punishment, severity, over intervention, preference, repulse, deny and overprotection had positive correlation with adolescent health problems. Conclusion The adolescent mental problems should be widely concerned.

关 键 词：心理健康 90项症状自评量表 青少年 广西 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]