北极地区人口数量、组成与分布  

Overview on the Population,Structure and Distribution of Inhabitants in the Arctic Region

作　　者：张侠[1] 刘玉新[2] 凌晓良[1] 颜其德[1] 屠景芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国极地研究中心,上海200136 [2]国家海洋技术中心,天津300111

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2008年第4期132-141,共10页World Regional Studies

摘　　要：以环北极国家的北极行政区域为统计范围,利用环北极国家2001年和2006年的官方人口统计数据,对北极地区的人口状况及其演变趋势作了统计和初步分析,结果表明:(1)2006年,北极地区总人口约为1044万,人口密度为0.63人/平方公里,是地球上除南极大陆以外人口最稀少的地区;(2)在全球人口数量不断增加的情况下,北极地区近年来人口非但没有增加,而且略有减少。2006年与2001年相比,总人口减少了5.3万左右,主要原因是受俄罗斯北极区域人口减少的影响(减少了约12万),其他国家的北极地区则呈现变化不大或略有增加的趋势;(3)北极地区地广人稀,人口分布极不均匀,主要集中在少数几个城市或城镇;北极地区首府的人口250万左右,约占总人口的24%;(4)分布在俄罗斯、北美、北欧北极地区的原住民人口约为200万,俄罗斯原住民以楚科奇-堪察加语族、阿尔泰语族、乌拉阿尔语族等北方少数民族为主,北美加拿大、美国主要以因纽特人和印第安人为主,北欧原住民则以萨米人为主。The statistics on population in the northern districts of the Pan-Arctic nations is Selecled in 2001 and 2006, and it has been compared and analyzed. The result shows that （1）In 2006,the total population of the Arctic region is around 10,440,000,with the population density of 0.63 person per kilometer. Obviously, the Arctic region is the most sparsely populated district in the world, except for the Antarctica.（2）While the global population rose continuously, the total population of the Arctic region decreased lightly in recent years. The total Arctic population in 2006 reduced 53,000 than that in 2001. This resulted from decreasing of the total population of Russsian Arctic regions.（3）The Arctic covers the vast land, and is sparsely populated, of which the inhabitants mainly reside in a few central city or town, the total population of the inhabitants in the capticals of all these Arctic distrincts is about 2,5000,000, accounting for 24 percents of the total Arctic population. （4）About two millions of the Arctic indigenous inhabitants live in Russsian Arctic, North Amercian Arctic and North European Arctic, and their principal ethnic representatives is respectively Chukotko- Kamchatkan, Ahaic, Uralic, Inuits, Indian and Saami.

关 键 词：北极地区 面积 人口 分布 原住民 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]