石油污染海滩的生物修复实践及营养施加策略  

BIOREMEDIATION PRACTICE OF OIL-POLLUTED BEACH AND STRATEGIES OF NUTRIENTS ADDITION

作　　者：李金成[1,2] 郑西来[1] 夏文香[2] 宋志文[2] 李淑清[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境工程系,青岛266100 [2]青岛理工大学环境工程系,青岛266033

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2008年第4期109-115,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670399);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20040423016)资助

摘　　要：介绍了施加营养修复石油污染海滩的3个典型实例。Exxon Valdez溢油生物修复的研究中发现,以藿烷为内标,施加营养的生物降解速率比石油的自然清除速率快将近5倍。美国特拉华州的现场研究结果表明,孔隙水中维持初始N浓度为1～2 mg/L可以使降解率接近最大值;海滩上N的背景浓度很高时,即使不添加任何肥料,石油烃的生物降解也可接近最大值。英国对细颗粒沉积物的生物修复试验结果显示：在被石油污染的区块上施加营养物质使石油降解菌的数量增加了10倍,石油烃相对于藿烷的比值在施加肥料组和控制组中有显著的不同。此外,还对海滩石油污染生物修复过程中孔隙水中的最佳营养浓度、营养的施加频率及方法进行了综述。Three typical bioremediation cases of oil-polluted beach by using nutrients are introduced.Results form the bioremediation of Exxon Valdez oil spill showed that fertilizer application accelerated the rate of oil removal by a factor of approximately fivefold compared with natural attenuation when hopane was used as the biomarker.The Delaware field study demonstrated that maintenance of a threshold nitrogen concentration of 1～2 mg N/L in the interstitial pore water would permit closing to maximum hydrocarbon biodegradation.When the background nitrogen concentration at beach was high enough,the biodegradation rate could attain the maximum value without nutrient addition.Microbiological analyses of bioremediation of a fine sediment in England showed that nutrient addition increased the numbers of hydrocarbon-degraders on the oiled plots by tenfold,and the differences in the ratio of petroleum hydrocarbon against hopane between the fertilized plots and the controls were highly significant.Furthermore,the optimal concentration of nutrients in interstitial water,the addition frequencies and methods of nutrients addition in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beach are reviewed.

关 键 词：石油污染 海滩 生物修复 营养 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]