瓯江口海域夏、秋季口足目和十足目虾类分布特征  

Distribution of Hoplocarida and Decapoda shrimps in Oujiang estuary,East China Sea

作　　者：徐兆礼[1] 沈盎绿[1] 李新正[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2009年第1期104-112,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(90511005);上海市908专项(PJ1-1);中国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-02-01-03)

摘　　要：采用2007年6月和9月瓯江口海域2个航次的渔业资源调查资料,研究瓯江口海域甲壳动物口足目(Hoplocarida)和十足目(Decapoda)中虾类的资源密度、种类组成和物种多样性等分布,探讨优势种、地形地貌、水团、温度和盐度等因素变化对这些分布的影响。结果表明,在2次拖网调查中,共鉴定口足目2种和虾类17种。口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)是6月的关键种,口虾蛄是9月的关键种。6月和9月2类优势甲壳动物平均质量密度分别为41.14kg/km2和32.36kg/km2,尾数密度为18.41×103ind/km2和10.66×103ind/km2。质量密度与尾数密度分布趋势一致,即调查水域东部高于西部,南部高于北部。6月,种间分布较均匀,物种数多,多样性指数值(H′)较高;9月,在群岛外侧,由于口虾蛄在质量密度上形成单一优势种,导致质量多样性指数下降;但在尾数密度上,种间分布较均匀,尾数多样性指数值明显高于质量多样性指数值。无论是在6月还是9月,高密度区均出现在瓯江口洞头群岛外侧,特别是东南部受台湾暖流影响的海域。瓯江北口外的冲淡水水团是形成瓯江口北侧口足目和十足目虾类密度、种数和多样性低的重要原因。研究结果表明,瓯江冲淡水势力的季节变化是影响瓯江口海域口足目和虾类种类和多样性分布的主要水文因素。Based on the data of two oceanographic surveys in the Oujiang Estuary in June and September 2007, this study investigated distributions of Hoplocarida and Decapoda shrimp （simplely called ＂shrimp＂ ）resource density, species composition, richness and diversity （H′） and the effects of some impact factors such as dominant species, background of water masses as well as hydrological features on these distributions. Results showed that 17 shrimp species were identified. Among them Oratosquilla oratoria and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii were key species in June, while O. oratoria was the key species in September. Weight density was 41.14 kg/km： and individual density was 18.41 × 10^3 ind/km^2 in Jun, and 32.36 kg/km^2 and 10.66 × 10^3 ind/km^2 in September respectively. Both weight and individual distribution showed the same tendency that the densities in the east area were higher than those in the west area, and the densities in the south area were higher than those in the north area. This is the reason why shrimp density was positively related with water depth. Two dominant species and their high richness made even distribution of total shrimp weight and individual in different species, and finally formed high H＇ values in June. Different from June, O. oratoria, as a single dominant species in weight, aggregated in outer water and formed single dominant species low H′ values in outer waters in September. The shrimp population continually stay from June to September at outer waters of investigated areas, especially in south east where the water was affected by Taiwan current. The low shrimp density in north waters of the Oujiang estuary was caused by the Oujiang dilute water from the estuary. Seasonal and regional Oujiang dilute water was critical hydrological factors affecting shrimp species and diversity in this area.

关 键 词：瓯江口 口足目 虾类 渔场 优势种 密度 

分 类 号：Q959.223[生物学—动物学] S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]