北京翠湖表流和潜流湿地对细菌多样性的影响  

Effect of Free Surface Flow Wetland and Subsurface Flow Wetland on Bacterial Diversity in Beijing Cuihu Wetland Park

作　　者：王晓丹[1] 翟振华[1] 赵爽[1] 李荣旗[2] 马文林[3] 李艳红[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [2]北京锦绣大地农业股份有限公司,北京100049 [3]北京建筑工程学院环境工程系,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第1期280-288,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(5062003);2006年北京市人事局留学回国优先项目

摘　　要：以北京翠湖湿地污水塘、表流湿地和潜流湿地3个单元为研究对象,在了解其水质的基础上,利用流式细胞仪和培养法分别测定微生物细胞总数目和可培养细菌的菌落数目,并采用PCR-DGGE和16SrDNA文库技术对样品的细菌多样性和优势群落结构进行分析.结果表明,翠湖表流和潜流湿地处理对化学需氧量、总氮和总磷的去除率分别达到42.33%、52.92%和41.4%;随湿地的逐级处理,总的微生物数量呈逐渐上升的趋势;而可培养的细菌数则表现为先降低后升高;污水塘的水流经表流湿地后,细菌的多样性指数H由3.081 9提高到3.285 0,随潜流湿地的进一步处理又降为3.0181;污水塘细菌的主要类群为Actinobacteria、Cyanobacteria、α-Proteobacteria,分别占38%、18%和18%;表流和潜流湿地处理后最主要的细菌类群变为β-Proteobacteria,分别占32%和44%,Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides(CFB)类群也明显增加,达24%.因此,北京翠湖表流和潜流湿地在去除有机物、氮和磷的同时,微生物数量、细菌多样性及优势群落都发生了明显变化,对水质可能造成危害的某些类群如Actinobacteria、Cyanobacteria比例减少,而β-Proteobacteria和CFB类群的细菌增加.To achieve the effects of artificial wetland on the bacterial diversity, the cuhurable bacteria and total cell counts of three wetland cells, including sewage pond （SP）, free surface wetland （SF） and subsurface flow wetland （SSF）, were investigated using the traditional culture-dependent approach and flow cytometry method, based on the detecting the water quality. The bacterial diversity and dominant groups were also compared by PCR-DGGE profiles and 16S rDNA library technique based on its V3 region. Results show that SF and SSF cells ean remove the nutrients effectively, the highest removal ratio of COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus reach to 42.33 %, 52.92 % and 41.4 %, respectively;The total microbes are increased continuously with the treatment by SF and SSF, and the cuhurable bacteria clones are decreased after treatment by SF,and increased after further train by SSF.The Shannon-Weaver index is increased to 3.285 0 from 3.081 9 while the water flowing through SF, but decreased to 3.018 1 after flowing through SSF;The dominant groups in SP include Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and a-Proteobacteria, reach to 38 %, 18 % and 18 %, respectively;but the most dominant bacteria is changed to [3-Proteobacteria with the ratio of 32% and 44%, after treatment by SF and SSF, respectively. Cytophaga/FlexibacterlBacteroides （CFB） phylum is also increased to 24% finally. Therefore, while the Cuihu Wedand removing the nutrients, the bacterial counts, diversity and dominant groups are also changed, some beneficial bacteria in β-Proteobacteria and CFB phylum increased, and part of those deleterious bacteria in Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria decreased.

关 键 词：北京翠湖湿地 细菌 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]