从佛典文学看佛教的女性观  

Buddhist View of Females in Terms of Buddhist Classical Literature

作　　者：普慧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文学院,陕西西安710069 [2]南开大学中文系,天津300071

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第1期71-77,共7页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国博士后基金资助项目(2002032203)

摘　　要：佛教的女性观不仅涉及佛教队伍中大量的女尼问题,还反映了佛教如何看待整个社会的妇女问题。早期佛教悲观厌世,以生活为牢笼,以涅槃为解脱,提倡"无生",视性欲和性行为为大罪,将其列为一切戒条之前列。而作为生育和生命力象征的妇女,就被当成"性"和"欲"的化身,淫逸、放荡的源泉和邪恶的标志。小乘佛教认为"为女人不得作佛"。大乘佛教虽也在一定程度继承了小乘佛教的女性观,经典在与日俱增的"一切众生皆有佛性"思想洪流的猛烈冲击下,给女性相当高的地位,即使女性为淫逸之源,但只要接受佛教之开化,照样可以悟道成佛。这种抬高女性地位的观念除了与男女平等思想有关外,又与天竺原始生殖崇拜文化的巨大惯性,有着直接的和内在的联系。Buddhist view of females concerns not only the numerous nuns in the Buddhist population but also the broad female population in the society. Buddhism in the early days was pessimistic and world-weary, thinking the world a dungeon and nirvana a relief. Thus, it advocated ＂no-life＂, regarding sexual desire and sex as primary sins and putting them at the head of all its principles. As the symbol of giving birth and power of life, women were taken as the incarnation of ＂sex＂ and ＂desire＂, the source of lust and debauchery, and the sign of evil. The Theravada Buddhism thought ＂a women is not allowed to be a Buddha＂, which was to a degree succeeded by the Mahayana Buddhism. However, under the impact of powerful thought that ＂Everyone has some sense of Buddha＂, the Mahayana Buddhism gave a very high status to females, thinking even if women were the source of lust and debauchery, they could comprehend Buddhism and become Buddha if they accepted Buddhist instructions. This conception of raising the female status showed Buddhist view of equality between men and women. More importantly, it manifested the powerful inertia of the ancient Indian reproduction worship and had a direct and internal association with it.

关 键 词：佛典文学 佛教戒律 佛教女性观 生殖文化 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]