基于RS和GIS技术的露天矿区土地利用变化分析  

Land use changes in opencast mine based on RS and GIS technology

作　　者：毕如田[1] 白中科[2] 李华[3] 李卫祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801 [2]中国地质大学北京土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [3]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2008年第12期201-204,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471132,40501071);山西省自然科学基金资助项目(2008011061-1)

摘　　要：以安太堡大型露天煤矿为研究对象,以研究区4期Landsat TM卫星影像为数据源,将露天矿区土地利用类型按照剥离区、采挖区、复垦区和原地貌进行分类,采用监督分类与人机交互解译相结合的方法,获得研究区4个时期土地利用类型图,将不同时期土地利用类型图叠加,分析了露天矿区土地利用变化过程。结果表明,研究区原地貌15a间平均每年减少1km2左右,并由于近年来煤炭产量的逐步增加原地貌面积有加速减少的趋势,采挖区的面积基本保持在7km2左右,剥离区与复垦区面积有不断增长的趋势,但复垦区增长速度较剥离区增长速度快,预计在2015年复垦面积与剥离面积基本保持平衡;按照目前的采煤速度,研究区一期工程的原地貌到2008年将全部消失。运用RS和GIS技术对大型露天矿区土地利用变化分析,可快速准确地掌握露天矿区土地利用的时空结构、不同时期不同土地类型的转移情况及其发展趋势,为大型露天矿区土地复垦与生态重建规划提供决策支持。Based on four periods Landsat TM data,large opencast mine of Antaipu was chosen as research object,land use types were classified according to stripping area,excavated area,land reclamation area and original area,and combination method of surveillance classify and human-computer reciprocal interpreting was adopted to get land use type graphs of four periods.Land use type graphs of different periods were overlaid,and land use changes in the opencast mine was analyzed.Results show that the original area of study region was decreased around 1 km^2per year during the past 15 years.Due to gradual increase of coal output,original area has a tendency of speedup decrease,excavated area keeps about 7 km^2on the whole,and stripping area and land reclamation area incline to increase while land reclamation area increases much faster.It is expected that excavated area and land reclamation area may be equal in 2015.According to the mining speed at present,original area of the first period in the study region will disappear in 2008.Technology of RS and GIS were used to analyze land use change in large opencast mine,which can quickly and precisely master the time and spatial structure of land use,transfer condition and development tendency of different land use types in different periods,and provide decision-making support for land reclamation and ecosystem reconstruction in large opencast mine region.

关 键 词：露天矿区 土地利用变化 遥感 GIS技术 TM影像 安太堡煤矿 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]