刑事证明责任分配的利益基础  

On Allocating the Burden of Proof from a Perspective of Interest

作　　者：黄永[1] 

机构地区：[1]全国人民代表大会常务委员会法制工作委员会,北京100805

出　　处：《证据科学》2008年第6期664-675,共12页Evidence Science

摘　　要：利益是诉讼各方承担证明责任的最基本动机。不同的诉讼主体在诉讼中的利益取向不同,导致证明责任分配的差异。由于诉讼利益的多样性和冲突,在刑事诉讼中承担证明责任的主要是控诉机关。从诉讼利益层次性的角度来看,控辩双方基于裁判上的利益具有承担证明责任的必要,而法院因为不具有裁判上的利益,因此不能使其承担证明责任。在刑事证明责任的分配中,必须尊重利益的要求。利益的确认也是一个程序的过程。作为证明责任基础的利益必须通过主张和抗辩,由实体法规范和程序法规范确认为案件的争议,才能成为证明的对象,成为法院裁判的范围。Interest is the fundamental motivation for bearing the burden of proof. Different parties have differing interests in a lawsuit and such difference leads to diversification of burden of proof. Given the diversity of interests and the conflict of interests in a lawsuit, the burden of proof is usually born by the prosecution. Since burden of proof, seen from the perspective of different interests in a lawsuit, originates from the interest in the judgment, it is not proper for the court which has no interest therein to bear such burden. The establishment of burden of proof requires a clear definition of the object of proof. A matter could become the object of proof only after it is confirmed by the substantive law and the procedural law through the process of claiming and defending. Moreover, the essay discusses the rationale of judgments on procedures by explaining the independence of interests in the litigation procedure.

关 键 词：利益 证明责任 案件争议 主张 抗辩 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]