西双版纳热带雨林片断小气候边缘效应的初步研究  

ON MICROCLIMATE EDGE EFFECTS OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST FRAGMENTS IN XISHUANGBANNA

作　　者：马友鑫[1] 刘玉洪[1] 张克映[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《植物生态学报》1998年第3期250-255,共6页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院"八五"重大项目;中国科学院留学经费择优支持回国工作基金

摘　　要：本文以林缘为中心，研究了西双版纳地区３个热带干性季节性雨林片断和１个同样植被类型的连续森林林内至林外样带上小气候要素水平梯度分布。结果表明，热带雨林片断林缘对温度、相对湿度和光照的影响范围北向林缘伸至林内１５ｍ、南向林缘伸至林内２５ｍ。林外小气候水平梯度大于林内，这种梯度变异尤以林缘附近（－１０～１０ｍ范围）最大。热带雨林片断后，林内与林外之间的小气候环境差异和对林外气候变化的缓冲作用都明显减弱。本文还给出了温度和湿度随水平距离变化的线性关系，并探讨了小气候边缘效应对群落结构、物种分布的影响。Taking forest edge as a central point,microclimatic information were recorded in transects from the open to the interior of three tropical dry seasonal rainforest fragments and a continuous forest of the same vegetation type in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan province,aiming at studying the horizontal gradient distribution of microclimatic elements near the edges.The findings show that the fragment edge influences extent on temperature,relative humidity and light was up to 15m and 25m into the forests from the edge at northfacing and at southfacing direction,respectively.The horizontal gradient of microclimatic elements was greater outside forest than inside forest.The maximum gradient variation occurred near forest edges,ranged from -10m to 10m into the forest interior from the edge.While the tropical rainforest was fragmented,the microclimatic difference between the open and the interior and the buffer function of forest against climatic change outside forest were clearly decreased.The linear equations of temperature and humidity with distance were developed,and the impact of microclimatic edge effects on community structure and species distribution was also discussed.

关 键 词：边缘效应 小气候 热带雨林 片断 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S717.12[农业科学—林学] S718.512