我国部分黄牛品种线粒体D-loop区遗传多样性与起源分化  

Genetic diversity and origin of mitochondria DNA D-loop region of some Chinese indigenous cattle breeds

作　　者：张桂香[1] 郑友民[1] 王志刚[1] 韩旭[1] 贾善刚[2] 陈宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]全国畜牧总站,北京100125 [2]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《遗传》2009年第2期160-168,共9页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：农业部中国地方牛品种遗传距离测定项目(编号:农财发[2002]9号)资助

摘　　要：为了解我国地方黄牛品种线粒体DNA的遗传变异情况,文章测定了16个地方黄牛品种206个个体线粒体D-loop区的全序列,共检测到101个变异位点;99种单倍型,其中73种是普通牛单倍型,26种是瘤牛单倍型;平均核苷酸差异为22.6920,单倍型多样度为0.9320,核苷酸多样度为0.0227,表明我国黄牛品种遗传多样性非常丰富。构建的NJ进化树显示16个品种来源于两大母系:普通牛和瘤牛;构建的Network图表明73种普通牛单倍型可以分为3大单倍型群;26种瘤牛单倍型分为5种单倍型群,推测我国瘤牛在迁移过程中,至少经历了4次群体扩张事件。通过分析比较地方黄牛品种与内罗门牛共有的H3单倍型,发现其中只有16%的序列与内罗门牛的H3单倍型非常相似,其余84%的序列均发生了鸟嘌呤变异,推测这些变异很可能是我国瘤牛固有的变异。The complete D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA from 206 individuals in 16 Chinese indigenous cattle breeds was sequenced and analyzed to detect variability of D-loop region of mitochondria DNA for those breeds. The results showed as follows： 101 variations and 99 haplotypes were found, in which 73 haplotypes were of Bos taurus and the other 26 haplotypes were of Bos indicus, and the average number of nucleotide differences was 22.6920, haplotype diversity was 0.9320, and nucleotide diversity was 0.0227, indicating high genetic diversity in Chinese indigenous cattle breeds. According to the NJ phylogenetic tree, 16 cattle breeds were divided into two clades, Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Based on the Network graphics, the 73 haplotypes of Bos taurus were classified into 3 groups and the 26 haplotypes of Bos indicus were classified into 5 groups. It was inferred that cattle breeds of Bos indicus in China had experienced at least 4 population expansions during their movement. There was only 16% of H3 haplotype sequnences similar to the sequence of Nellore, and 84% of those sequnences had purine C variation in Chinese indigenous cattle breeds through the analysis on their common H3 haplotypes. It was concluded that those purine C decrease was possibly originated in Chinese Bos indicus.

关 键 词：黄牛 D-LOOP区 遗传多样性 起源 分化 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]