NMDA受体与神经退行性疾病的关系  

Relationship between NMDA receptors and neuro degenerative diseases

作　　者：潘静[1] 陈生弟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院瑞金医院神经内科神经病学研究所,上海200025

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（医学版）》2009年第1期98-101,共4页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University:Medical Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划("973"计划)(2006cb500706);国家自然科学基金(30471918)~~

摘　　要：兴奋性氨基酸受体是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中主要的兴奋性神经递质受体,它是介导谷氨酸(Glu)及其他相关内源性酸性氨基酸兴奋作用的跨膜蛋白。谷氨酸受体可分为离子型和代谢型两类。离子型受体可进一步分为N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体和非NMDA受体(AMPA和KA受体)。NMDA受体可调节神经元的存活,树突、轴突结构发育和突触可塑性,神经元回路的形成以及学习记忆活动,对生物发育过程极为重要。NMDA受体活性调节的失衡可能是神经退行性疾病及癫痫、缺血性脑损伤等许多中枢神经系统疾病发病的基础。文章重点就NMDA受体与神经退行性疾病的关系进行综述。Excitatory amino acids receptors are major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in mammalian central nerve system. They are structurally transmembrane proteins mediating the periaqueductal gray stimulation of glutamate and other related endogenous acidic amino acids. There are two categories of glutamic acid receptors： ionic receptors and metabolic receptors. Ionic receptors can be further divided into N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor and non-NMDA receptor （AMPA and KA receptors）. NMDA receptor involves in the regulation of neuron survivals, axons and dendrites structural development, synaptic plasticity, neuron circuit formation and learning and memorizing activities, which plays an important role in the biological developmental process. The disturbance of activation regulation of NMDA receptors could be the basis of a plenty of central nervous system diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, ischemic cerebral impairments, etc. This article reviews the relationship between NMDA receptor and neurodegenerative diseases.

关 键 词：神经退行性疾病 NMDA受体 治疗 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]