莲藕氮磷钾锌肥配合施用效应研究  

Study of the combined effect of N,P,K and Zn fertilizers on lotus root

作　　者：熊桂云[1] 刘冬碧[1] 陈防[2] 张继铭[1] 范先鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所,湖北武汉430064 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2009年第1期31-34,39,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新项目(2007-620-003-03-05);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI-HB-24)项目资助

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验2005—2006年连续2年研究了莲藕配施氮、磷、钾、锌肥的效应。结果表明：（1）莲藕氮、磷、钾、锌肥配施（OPT），荷叶高大、荷秆粗壮、单位面积内荷叶数量较多；后期形成的莲藕单支主藕长度较长、主藕节数较多、藕节较粗、单支藕重量较高，其商品品质较好；莲藕氮磷钾锌肥配施平均产量为37136kg／hm^2，不施氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和锌肥分别比OPT处理平均减产37．2％、15．9％、19．3％和7．90％，不同元素肥料对莲藕生长、产量和品质的影响顺序为氮〉钾〉磷〉锌。（2）氮磷钾锌肥配施处理的莲藕，其养分吸收量较高，不施某一元素肥料，莲藕中相应的元素含量和吸收量均较低；莲藕氮、磷、钾养分吸收量之比平均为1：0．28：2．30，集中了整株植株中75％以上的氮、90％左右的磷和约95％的钾，可认为莲藕为喜钾作物。The combined effect of N, P, K and Zn fertilizers on lotus root was studied by using field trials in 2005 - 2006. Results showed that： （ 1 ） combined application of N, P, K and Zn （OPT treatment） on lotus root improved its growth, development and the commercial quality with an average fresh yield of 37136 kg/hm^2, and omission of N, P, K and Zn fertilization from OPT decreased yield by 37.2%, 15.9%, 19.3% and 7.9% respectively. The effect of N, P, K and Zn on the growth, yield and quality of lotus root was ranked as N 〉 K 〉 P 〉 Zn. （2） Nutrients uptake in complete treatment （OPT） was the highest among the treatments. Both the specific nutrient content and uptake of lotus root were relatively low if no fertilization. The uptake ratio of N, P and K for lotus root was 1：0.28：2.30 on average. It covered about 75% of N, 90% of P and 95% of K that be uptaken in whole lotus plant. Lotus root could be considered as a kind of potassium - loving plant.

关 键 词：莲藕 平衡施肥 生长 产量 商品品质 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S645.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]