基于碳平衡的区域土地利用结构优化——以吉林省通榆县为例  

Regional Land Use Structure Optimization based on Carbon Balance:A Case Study in Tongyu County,Jilin Province

作　　者：汤洁[1] 毛子龙[1] 王晨野[1] 徐小明[1] 韩维峥[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学环境与资源学院,长春130026

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第1期130-135,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:40572170);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40871088);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(编号:20050183056)。

摘　　要：土地利用／覆被变化对陆地生态系统碳循环有着显著影响。基于实地采集的土样测试数据和1989年、2000年、2004年8月份的陆地卫星TM遥感影像数据，采用生态系统类型法对吉林省通榆县旱田、水田、林地、草地、水域、城镇用地、沙地、盐碱地、湿地等11种陆地生态系统有机碳储量进行了估算，分析了土地利用／覆被变化对碳储量的影响；并采用线性规划方法优化土地利用结构，以实现土地利用结构变化下的陆地生态系统的碳平衡。结果表明，在以草地退化、土地沙化和盐碱化为主要特征的土地利用变化中，1989年～2000年研究区陆地生态系统的有机碳储量减少387．70×10^4t，2000年以后进行的退耕还林、退耕还草等生态建设使有机碳储量增加69．70×10^4t。应用线性规划模型获得的土地利用方案可以满足研究区对各类土地的需求，并预测2020年有机碳储量可达到4729．70×10^4t。Land use/cover changes have a great effect on the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. We analyzed soil samples and Landsat TM images from 1989, 2000 and 2004 for Tongyu County, Jilin Province, and evaluated soil organic carbon storage in 11 types of terrestrial ecosystems. The ecosystem categories included glebe, paddy field, woodland, grassland, water area, town, sandy land, saline, and marsh. We also analyzed the influence of land use/cover changes on soil organic carbon storage. The optimal land use structure was determined using a linear programming model, based on the carbon balance in terms of land use structure management. The results showed that the main trends of grassland degradation, soil desertification and land salinization had a strong impact on terrestrial ecosystem organic carbon storage. The losses of organic carbon in the region were 387.7×10^4 t from 1989 to 2000, and the programs to convert cultivated land to forests and grassland from 2000 to 2004 increased carbon storage by 69.7×10^4 t. The optimization of land use structure using a linear programming model could maximize carbon storage and meet the needs of land use planning, and the optimized scheme can also balance carbon storage. The terrestrial organic carbon storage could reach 4729.7×10^4 t in 2020 in the optimized scheme that was forecast in the linear programming model. Thus, in arid and semiarid regions, rational and scientific land use structure management and effective environmental protection may achieve the purpose of sustainable development, balancing natural resource exploitation and socioeconomic improvements.

关 键 词：碳平衡 碳储量 土地利用 结构优化 线性规划 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]