美国学术职业流动的类型与特征  

Types and Characters of the Academic Professional Mobility in America

作　　者：李志峰[1] 易静[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学高等教育研究所,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2009年第2期13-17,共5页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目《高校教师核心竞争力提升与教师管理制度创新研究》(项目编号:08JA880050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国是个高等教育高度市场化、分权化和多样化的国家,在竞争机制的作用下,美国学术职业流动的类型与特征多种多样。从历史上看,美国学术职业经历了高流动性到相对稳定的流动,再到高流动性的过程。从学术职业流动类型看,大体可以分为横向流动和纵向流动两大类;从学术职业流动的特征看,制度化与规范化,开放性和合约管理、流动管理的自治性、稳定与流动相结合是其基本特征。America is a countrv with highly-develooed marketability and decentralization in its higher edu-cation. Under the effect of this competitive atmosphere, the academic professional mobility in America presents with several different types and characters. Viewing historically, American Academic profession has experienced the mobility from a fast one to a steady one, and then changing to be fast again. The forms of academic professional mobility can be generally divided into two types： horizontal one and vertical one. The characters of American professional mobility include its system and standardization, publicity and canonical management, the autonomy during its process, and the combination of its stability and mobility.

关 键 词：美国 学术职业流动 类型 特征 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]