4种禾本科小麦族植物微观形貌特征比较研究  

Comparison of Micro-morphological Characteristics of Four Triticeae Species in Gramineae

作　　者：张燕[1] 林小虎[1] 周印富[1] 秦素平[1] 张珊珊[1] 王秋涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]河北省保定职业技术学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第2期675-677,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一.五"国家重大科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A08-9);河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(06230105);河北省教育厅科学研究计划项目(2006425);唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(08120201A-8)

摘　　要：[目的]研究小麦族4种植物花粉粒和气孔的微观特征的异同,并探讨花粉粒和气孔大小与染色体组倍数的关系。[方法]通过扫描电镜对二倍体长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草、普通小麦、和八倍体小偃麦的花粉粒和叶表面的微观形貌特征进行了比较。[结果]4种植物在花粉粒形态、大小、表面突起,萌发孔和叶表面气孔大小方面存在一定的差异,其中二倍体长穗偃麦草与其他3种植物的花粉粒和气孔的微观特征差异明显。可见,小麦族二倍体物种与六倍体物种、八倍体物种在花粉粒和气孔的微观特征方面有明显差异,但六倍体和八倍体物种之间差异不明显。[结论]用花粉粒和气孔的一些微观特征作为鉴别二倍体和六倍体、八倍体等染色体组倍数相差较大的物种有一定的依据。[ Objective ] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of four triticeae species pollen grain and stomata, as well as the relationship between the size of pollen grain and stomata, and the chromosome ploidy. [ Method] Comparison of the micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and leaf epiderm among diaploid Thinopyrum elongatum, Elytrigia interrnedia, common wheat and octoploid Tritielytrigia types were carried out by observation under scanning electronic microscope（ SEM ）. [ Result] There were some differences among the four species in the morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stomata, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three. Diploid species and hexaploid, octoploid species of triticeae had remarkable differences in micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and stomata. However, some differences between hexaploid species and octoploid species were not significant. [ Conclusion] These microscopic characteristics of pollen grain and stomata could be used as the evidence to identify diaploid spieces and hexaploid, octoploid spieces whose chromosome ploidies are hugely different.

关 键 词：小麦族 微观特征 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]