肥胖儿童与正常儿童行走步态特征的运动学分析  

A Kinematic Analysis of Over Weight Children and Normal Weight Children's Walk Movement Characteristics

作　　者：张晓栋[1] 肖丹丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学体育部,北京102206 [2]国家体育总局科学研究所竞体中心,北京100061

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2008年第12期1651-1654,共4页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：采用三维摄像同步测试的方法,对9名肥胖儿童和11名正常体重儿童进行平地常速行走的运动学三维分析。结果表明:1)肥胖儿童步态周期、支撑时相百分比、双支撑时相百分比均比正常儿童长,摆动时间比正常儿童短。表明肥胖儿童行走时步态存在不稳定因素,肥胖儿童通过延长双支撑时间来增加行走的稳定性。2)肥胖儿童的步长/身高的比值、步速/身高比值、步频均小于正常儿童,步宽比正常儿童宽。反映出肥胖儿童行走比正常儿童缓慢的特点。3)关节角度方面,肥胖儿童的髋关节在矢状面上的最大伸角和屈角比正常儿童小,在额状面上的平均外展角大于正常儿童,内收角小于正常儿童。表明肥胖儿童由于多余的脂肪堆积,妨碍了髋关节的屈伸和内收幅度。4)肥胖儿童与正常儿童步态的重要差异之一是在一侧脚跟着地时刻,该侧脚掌面与水平面的夹角明显小于正常儿童。可以推测肥胖儿童行走时重心移动较慢。3-D synchronized imaging test is used to analyze the kinematic characteristics of 9 over weight children and 11 normal weight children＇s normal walk. The results are as followings： 1 ）over weight children display longer cycle duration, stance time phase percentage and double stance time phase percentage and lower swing time than normal weight children. It implies some instability existing in over weight children＇ s walk so they have to expand their double stance time to improve their stability; 2）over weight children take significantly shorter ratio between stride and height, velocity and height, and stride frequency, and longer step widths than normal children. So they walk slower; 3）over weight individuals demonstrate a walking gait with significantly greater mean magnitude of hip abduction angle and less mean magnitude of hip adduction throughout the walking cycle. It may caused by accumulated fat; 4） At the moment of heel sn-ike, over weight children display a smaller angle which between foot plane and horizontal plane, and a larger angle between opposite foot plane and horizontal plane. It shows that their gravity center move slower.

关 键 词：肥胖 儿童 步态 运动学 

分 类 号：R723[医药卫生—儿科]