山地茶园水土流失及生态调控措施研究  

Research on the Soil and Water Loss and Ecological Treatment Measures in Hilly Tea Plantation

作　　者：陈小英[1,2] 查轩[1,2] 陈世发[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学地理科研究所,福州350007

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第1期51-54,58,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB407207);国家自然科学基金项目(40571095);福建省自然科学基金项目(D0410016;D0410018);福建省教育厅A类项目

摘　　要：福建是我国的产茶大省,近年来随着山地开发热潮,大面积的山地被开发成茶园。茶园的开发加剧了山地的水土流失,大量肥沃表土的流失降低了茶园的经济效益。2003年福建省茶园水土流失面积高达6.35万hm2,占山地开发水土流失总面积的22.73%,占茶园总面积的比率高达46.62%。以乌龙茶之乡安溪县为研究区,在调查和试验的基础上,研究了新开垦茶园、不同开垦年限、不同耕作方式和山地茶园不同部位水土流失状况。研究结果表明新开垦茶园水土流失较严重;3a生以下茶树的茶园土壤侵蚀显著高于5a生茶树的茶园;茶园的顺坡种植会加剧茶园的水土流失;山脚的茶园土壤侵蚀最严重,其次是山顶茶园,而山腰茶园土壤侵蚀最轻。根据山地茶园各种情况下水土流失状况,提出对新建茶园应进行铺草覆盖或间种绿肥,提高茶园的覆盖度以降低茶园水土流失;改梯壁锄草法为割草覆盖;在山地茶园内合理设置排灌工程等相关措施,为从整体上治理茶园水土流失提供了依据。Fujian province is famous for the tea industry., Recently, with the development of hilly tea plantation, large area of the mountains is being developed into tea plantations. The exploitation of tea plantations increased soil and water loss problem so seriously that lots of the fertile topsoil was eroded, reducing benefits of tea industry. In 2003, the area of soil and water loss in Fujian province is as high as 63 500 hm^2. The ratio of water loss area is 22. 73% in total area of hilly area exploitation. In total tea plantation area, the ratio of soil and water loss area is as high as 46. 62%. On the basis of the investigations and trials in Anxi rural county which is famous for wolong, this paper did research on soil and water loss of hilly tea plantations, under the situations： new exploited tea plantations, different ages tea plantations, different farming methods and different parts of hilly tea plantation. The results show that soil h h h gh lly lly erosion in hilly tea plantation is serious; soil erosion of three years tea plantation was significantly er than five years tea plantation; tea planting along hilly slope can exacerbate soil erosion; the foot of tea plantation is the most serious part which was eroded; the soil erosion of the middle part of the tea plantation was the least. According to different situations of soil and water loss in hilly tea plantation, this paper gave different ecological treatments： covered tea plantation with grass or planting grass in row of tea plants; altering grass hoe with mowing; constructing the establishment of sluice and drainage. All these treatment can provide gist for soil and water loss control, which will provide practical experience for the development of tea plantation and promote the development of tea industry.

关 键 词：山地茶园 水土流失 生态调控措施 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]