东北三省耕地非农化时空特征及其与粮食生产能力的关系  

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics Analysis of Relation between Arable Land Non-agriculturalization and Food Productivity based on GIS Technique

作　　者：何英彬[1,2] 陈佑启[1,2] 姚艳敏[1,2] 石淑芹[1,2] 李志斌[1,2] 万利[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第2期295-302,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项:"区域耕地资源变化评价及其预警"(编号:2004DIB3J092)。

摘　　要：随着中国人口增加、经济的快速发展,耕地非农化过程加快,建设用地大量侵吞耕地,粮食安全问题引起了高度关注。本文以东北三省为研究对象,应用GIS技术详细地分析了其在1993年～2003年10年间耕地非农化空间特征、耕地非农化与耕地综合质量、高产田的空间关系及由耕地非农化所导致的粮食减产空间分布,研究结果表明:①东北三省耕地非农化面积16.599×104hm2,耕地非农化率为1.012%,吉林省和黑龙江省分别是耕地非农化程度最高、最低的两个省份,辽宁省和吉林省耕地非农化区域分别呈"云片状"集团式和平行条带的空间分布特征,处于交通位置优越及沿海的县(市)耕地非农化程度较高;②吉林省耕地非农化面积最大,但以占用中下等耕地为主;而辽宁省绝大部分耕地非农化区域都是上等地;黑龙江省耕地非农化面积最少,而且主要占用的是中下等地;③粮食高产区集中分布在松辽平原,耕地非农化严重区有近50%分布在高产区,吉林省高产田受耕地非农化影响最严重;④10年间因耕地非农化共导致粮食减产9.106×108kg,吉林省占总量的59%,而东北三省减产的粮食可以供给500×104人1年的口粮。注重经济发展与耕地保护之间的关系,是落实东北三省未来"耕地总量动态平衡"政策的关键所在。With population growth and fast economic development in China, arable land non-agriculturalization process speeds up with the conversion of cultivated land into construction land and thus food security is now attracting more attention than ever before. The three provinces in Northeast China（ Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning Province） were selected as the study area to implement the research related to arable land conversion in this paper. We adopted GIS technique to analyze in detail the spatial characteristics of arable land non-agriculturalization, spatial relation of arable land conversion, comprehensive quality index of arable land, high-yield field and the spatial distribution of food production decrease caused by non-agricultural conversion of arable land. The study results indicated that： 1 ） The acreage of non-agricultural arable land reached a total area of 16.599×10^4hm2 with a conversion rate of 1.012% in the three provinces during 1993-2003. Jilin and Heilongjiang Province are the highest one and lowest one in area of arable land non-agriculturalization respectively. Moreover, arable land non-agriculturalization in Liaoning and Jilin Province were spatially characterized by ＂cloud flake＂ and ＂paralleled strip＂ respectively. Arable land non-agriculturalization in counties, which are adjacent to sea and have superiority in location, was at a high level; 2） Jilin was the province with the largest acreage of arable land non-agriculturalization, but converted arable land was mostly at low and medium quality levels. By contrast, high quality arable land in Liaoning province was mainly converted. The acreage of arable land non-agriculturalization in Heilongjiang province was least and non-agicultural arable land was mainly at low and medium levels; 3） High-yield fields concentrate in Songliao Plain and nearly 50% of highly non-agricultural areas of arable land distributed in the high-yield fields, which were most affected by arable lands conversion in Jilin province; 4） The total amoun

关 键 词：耕地非农化 粮食产量 时空特征 耕地综合质量 高产田 粮食安全 东北三省 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]