历史、理论和实践视角下的英格兰小学绩效管理  

The Introduction of Performance Management into England's Primary Schools:Historical,Theoretical and Practical Perspectives

作　　者：安德鲁.布朗 章文凤[2] 

机构地区：[1]英国剑桥大学教育系 [2]湖南信息科学职业学院科研处,湖南长沙410151

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2009年第1期84-91,共8页University Education Science

摘　　要：过去的15年里,发达国家的公共事业管理,尤其教育管理发生了很大变化。公共部门逐渐采用了私立部门的一些管理原则和方法,如引入绩效管理。英格兰小学绩效管理始于20世纪80年代撒切尔政府在全国公立教育系统内启动的一项针对学校管理和课程的改革,2000年绩效管理终以法令形式确立下来。目标设定理论被广泛应用于英格兰小学绩效管理目标的设置。在应用这一理论设置绩效管理目标时需要从理论上对以下三个问题作出探讨:在设置目标时是以结果为导向,还是以过程为导向,或是二者兼顾;考虑英格兰小学的实际情况,"难实现的或有挑战性的目标能激励人们取得更好绩效"这一原则能在多大程度上适用;当面临不确定的管理环境时,目标设定理论的适用性有多大。实践中,在确定绩效考评的考评内容,可考评内容以及考评主体时可能面临一些困难,并且还可能产生无效考评结果。The management of public services in general, and that of education in particular, has radically changed throughout the developed world during the course of the past fifteen years. There has been an increasing willingness of public sectors to adopt a variety of management approaches and techniques that have traditionally been used by private sectors, such as the introduction of performance management. The origins of performance management in England＇s primary schools can be traced back to the late 1980s when the Thatcher government began making widespread changes to the management and curriculum of the state maintained education system. And performance management was introduced by statutory force into all of England＇ s state maintained primary and secondary schools in 2000. Goal setting theory was adopted to set performance goals for individuals and organizations. And three problems need to be discussed in setting performance goals. Firstly, should performance management objectives be primarily oriented towards results/outputs/outcomes, behaviors/processes, either or both？ Secondly, to what extent the principle ＂difficult specific goals lead to significantly higher performance than easy goals, no goals or vague goals＇ can be applied？ Thirdly, how is the applicability of goal setting theory when confronted with environmental uncertainty？ Problems would also arise in measuring performance practically, involving what should be measured, what can be measured, and who should do the measuring.

关 键 词：英格兰小学 绩效管理 目标设定 绩效测评 

分 类 号：G629.1[文化科学—教育学]