碎米莎草根部总生物碱的化感活性及抑菌活性的研究  

Allelopathic and Antifungal Activity of Root Total Alkaloids of Cyperus iria L.

作　　者：周兵[1] 刘国伟[1] 闫小红[1] 蒋平[1] 

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2009年第1期85-90,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30760031);江西省教育厅科技计划项目(赣教技字[2008]421)

摘　　要：以水稻等5种植物和水稻稻瘟病等6种植物病原真菌为试验对象，通过生物测定的方法对碎米莎草根部总生物碱的化感活性及抑茵活性进行初步研究。结果表明：在250—4000μg／mL质量浓度内，总生物碱对水稻和鳢肠种子的萌发无显著影响，对烟草幼苗的苗高产生显著抑制作用；只有在最高质量浓度达到4000μg／mL时，总生物碱对水稻幼苗的根长、苗高和鲜重以及鳢肠幼苗的苗高才有显著抑制作用，而在相对较低浓度下。总生物碱即对烟草、车前草和三叶鬼针草幼苗的鲜重、根长和苗高以及鳢肠幼苗的鲜重和根长产生显著抑制作用。在25—400μg／mL质量浓度内，碎米莎草根部总生物碱对小麦赤霉病病菌的生长无显著影响，在100～400μg／mL质量浓度范围内，对油菜菌核病病菌菌落的生长产生显著抑制作用，在200—400μg／mL质量浓度内对水稻稻瘟病病菌、番茄早疫病病菌和苹果轮纹病病菌菌落的生长产生显著抑制作用，对杨树溃疡病病菌菌落的生长只有在400la,g,＂mL的最高质量浓度下才产生显著抑制作用，在400i~g,／mL质量浓度时，碎米莎草根部总生物碱对上述后5种病原真菌的抑菌率分别为40．10％、20．54％、30．63％、34．82％和12．08％。实验结果可以看出，碎米莎草根部总生物碱对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用较弱，而对水稻稻瘟病病菌的生长具有一定的抑制作用，表明其具有开发为水稻田用生物源农药的潜力。Allelopathic activity of Cyperus iria root toal alkaloids with Nicotiana tabacuml, Oryza sativa, Plantago asiatica, Eclipta prostrate, Bidens pilosa and antifungal activity with Magnaporthe grisea, Sclerotinia sclerotiovum, Alternaria solani, Gibberella saubinetii, Dothiorella gregaria and Physalospora piricola were studied by bioassay. The results suggested that C. iria root total alkaloids did not significantly inhibit the seed germination of O. sativa and E. prostrate at 250 - 4 000 μg/mL, but significantly inhibited seedling height of N. tabacuml; seedling root length, height and fresh weight of 0. sativa and seedling height of E. prostrate were significantly inhibited only at 4 000 μg/mL, but at lower concentrations, total alkaloids showed significant inhibition on seedling root length, height and fresh weight of N. tabacuml, P. asiatica, B. pilosa and seedling root length and fresh weight of E. prostrate ; Growth of G. saubinetii were not significantly inhibited by C. iria root toal alkaloids at 25-400 μg/mL; but at 100-400μg/mL for S. sclerotiovum, 200 -400μg/mL for M. grisea, A. solani, P. piricola, 400 μg/mL for D. gregariaat, the growth of these five strains were significandy inhibited, at 400μg/mL, the inhibition rates for them were 40.10% , 20.54% , 30.63% , 34.82% and 12.08% respectively. It could be concluded that C. iria root total alkaloids have the potential for development as biopesticides.

关 键 词：碎米莎草 总生物碱 化感作用 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]