东北虎分布区土地利用格局与动态  

Land use pattern and its dynamic changes in Amur tiger distribution region

作　　者：李钟汶[1] 邬建国[1,2] 寇晓军[1] 田瑜[1] 王天明[1] 牟溥[1] 葛剑平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学景观生态与可持续性科学研究中心,北京100875 [2]亚利桑那州立大学生命科学学院和全球可持续性科学研究所,美国坦佩85297

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第3期713-724,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中-俄资源环境领域重大问题合作研究项目(2005CB724800);科技基础性工作专项(2006FY210100)资助

摘　　要：土地利用变化是影响东北虎栖息地和东北虎长期生存的关键因素之一.基于东北虎分布区土地利用和土地覆盖的时空变化及其对东北虎种群动态的影响,本文从古代(1860年以前)、近代(1860—1949年)和现代(1949年至今)3个不同的历史时期,系统地分析了东北虎分布区最主要土地利用类型(农业用地、森林、城镇)的发展历程和特征.古代东北虎分布区内零星的人为土地利用对东北虎的生存没有显著影响,而近代以来广泛、剧烈的土地利用变化则是导致东北虎生存空间压缩、种群数量减少的主要原因之一.近代以来,东北虎分布区分属中国和俄罗斯,两国土地利用格局、政策和强度的不同导致东北虎在两国生存状况的差异.东北虎分布区内土地利用的主要驱动力为人口增长、政策变化和生产力的发展.Land use and land cover change has been the primary cause for the habitat loss and fragmentation in the distribution region of Amur tiger （Panthera tigris altaica）. Based on the spatiotemporal changes of land use and land cover in the distribution region, as well as their effects on the population dynamics of Amur tiger, this paper analyzed the development process and its characteristics of the main land use types （ agricultural land, forest land, and construction land） in this region, with the land use change history being divided chronically into three distinctive periods, i. e. , ancient times （prior to 1860 ）, modem times （1860-1949）, and contemporary times （after 1949）. The results showed that the sporadic land use in ancient times had no significant effects on the survival of Amur tiger, while the extensive and intensive land use after the 1860s was mainly responsible for the decrease of Amur tiger population and its living space. Since 1949, the Amur tiger distribution region has been divided into two parts, i. e. , Northeast China and Russia Far East. The differences in land use pattern, policy, and intensity between these two parts led to different survival status of Amur tiger. The key driving forces for the land use change in Amur tiger distribution region were human population increase, policy change, and increased productivity.

关 键 词：东北虎分布区 土地利用 农业 森林 城镇 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]