废旧家电回收主体的利益和责任分析  

The Benefits and Responsibilities of the Principal Parts of Recycling Waste and Used Household Appliances

作　　者：何文胜[1] 马祖军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学物流学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2009年第2期104-108,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:70502025);国家社会科学基金项目(编号:07CJY019);四川循环经济研究中心资助重点项目(编号:XHJJ-05)资助

摘　　要：在推进废旧家电资源化的进程中,合理界定回收处置阶段各相关主体的利益和责任至关重要。目前相关研究大多是定性的阐述,本文对回收主体的利益和责任进行了定量研究。依据受益者负担原则,废旧家电污染的责任发生在产品消费后阶段,造成的环境外部成本应由制造商、分销商、消费者和政府等受益主体来承担;基于Stackelberg博弈理论,考虑制造商参与销售和回收渠道不同情形下的经济效益、回收废旧家电的生态效益,建立了回收主体的利益数学模型;依据责权利对等原则,确定相关主体应承担的责任比例,并通过例证予以说明。结果表明:参与回收的主体不同,制造商参与渠道的程度不同,主体间的利益分配比例、应承担的环境外部成本和回收处置阶段的责任比例也会发生变化。研究结论为建立规范的回收体系,实现废旧家电的再生利用,促进循环经济的发展提供了借鉴。In the process of boosting the resouree of waste and used household appliances （WUHA）, it is critical to define reasonably the interests and responsibilities of each main body concerned in the stage of recycling and handling. So far, most of the related researches have been qualitative; thus, this paper makes a quantitative research into them. According to the beneficiary-pay principle, the responsibility for the pollution of WUHA happens after the consumption of the products; therefore, the cost for the outer environment shouht be shared by the main beneficiaries such as manufacturers, distributors, consumers, government and etc. A mathematical model for the interests of the main recycling body is set up based on Staekellberns game theory, the different situations in which manufacturers are involved in distribution and recycling channel and ecological benefits brought about by recycling WUHA are also taken into account. According to the principle that responsibility, power and benefit are equal to each other, the rate of the shared responsibility for the main bodies concerned is made which is illustrated witb examples. It turns out that the interests allocation rate, the shared cost for the outer environment and the responsibility rate in the stage of recycling and handling will change with the change of main bodies in the recycling and the degree of the numufaeturers＇ participation. The conclusion will contribute to establishing the standard recycling system, realizing the recycling of WUHA and promoting the development of circular econnmy.

关 键 词：废旧家电 回收主体 利益 责任 博弈 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X197